Urinary System Flashcards
T/F Urine moves from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder by the force of gravity alone.
False; ureters are muscular organs, and use muscles to move the urine along
T/F Histologically, the wall of a ureter consists solely of a mucosa.
False; ureters also have a muscularis and an adventitia
T/F Next to water, the most abundant component of urine is urea.
True
T/F The renal medulla receives a much greater proportion of the renal blood than the cortical regions
False; this is reversed, and is a contributing factor to several medullary pathologies
The act of micturition (voiding) is mediated by the [ sympathetic/ parasympathetic ] nervous system.
Parasympathic; this makes sense, since micturition is a “housekeeping” function
A typical volume for maximal bladder capacity is [ 10/ 50/ 100/ 800/ 3000 ] ml.
800 ml; maximum urine output, on the other hand, is about 1.5 L
_________________________ is another name for the act of voiding urine from the urinary bladder (aka urination, peeing).
Micturition
The ________________________ muscle is another name for the smooth muscle in the walls of the urinary bladder.
detrussor
The __________________________ is the central collecting cavity of the kidney into which newly formed urine accumulates before leaving the kidney for the urinary bladder.
renal pelvis
The ____________________________ is a tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle from which plasma is ultrafiltered.
glomerulus
The ____________________________ is the initial part of the tubular system of the kidney where the forming urine—the initial ultrafiltrate—first collects.
Bowman capsule
The ____________________________ is the region of the renal corpuscle where the distal tubule passes by (and in the “crotch” of) the afferent and efferent tubules; this region contains cells that release renin when blood volume or pressure is low
juxtaglomerular apparatus
The internal and external ___________________________________ are the two ring-like muscles that control the passage of urine from the bladder to the urethra; the former muscle, composed of smooth muscle, is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, while the later muscle, composed of skeletal muscle, is controlled by the somatic (voluntary) nervous system.
urethral sphincters
The ____________________________________ is the triangular area on the posteroinferior bladder delineated by the openings to the two ureters superiorly and that of the urethra inferiorly; this area of the bladder is particularly prone to infection.
trigone
The __________________________ are muscular tubes which convey urine from the kidneys to the urinary badder
ureters
A(n) ____________________________ is the functional unit of the kidney.
nephron
A typical pH of fresh urine is pH ______ but a variety of factors may cause the pH to vary from about pH _______ on the acidic side to about pH ______ on the alkaline side.
pH 6, 4.5, 8.9
Which ONE of the following is NOT TRUE about the location of the (empty) urinary bladder in the abdominopelvic cavity?
A. The urinary bladder rests upon the pelvic diaphragm.
B. The urinary bladder is immediately posterior to the pubic symphysis.
C. The urinary bladder is immediately anterior to the rectum (males) or vagina (females).
D. (All of the above describe the location of the urinary bladder).
D. (All of the above describe the location of the urinary bladder).
Which ONE of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A. Maintain proper water and electrolyte balance
B. Secrete erythropoietin
C. Secrete renin
D. With liver, convert vitamin D to its active form
E. Secrete aldosterone
F. Maintain proper plasma volume
E. Secrete aldosterone
The normal yellowish color of urine is due to…
A. …blood in the urine
B. …protein in the urine
C. …creatinine (nucleic acid breakdown product) in the urine
D. …bacteria in the urine
E. …hemoglobin breakdown product (urochrome) in the urine
F. …carotenes in the urine
E. …hemoglobin breakdown product (urochrome) in the urine
