Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A+P II > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The growth promoting effects of growth hormone are mostly mediated by somatomedins.

A

True; somatomedins are responsible for most of the growth promoting effects of growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F DHEA is the most important of the mineralcorticoids.

A

False; DHEA is a gonadocorticoid; most important mineralcorticoid is aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F Some hormones can be secreted by more than one gland in the endocrine system.

A

True; sex hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex and the gonads (and the placenta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Neurohormones released by the posterior pituitary are not synthesized in the posterior pituitary.

A

True; they are synthesized by neurons whose cell bodies lie in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F Neurohormones released by the anterior pituitary are not synthesized in the anterior pituitary.

A

False; ant. pituitary hormones are synthesized by ant. pituicytes (ant. pituitary cells) —under the
regulation of hypothalamic releasing hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F Long bones in which the epiphyseal plate has closed are no longer responsive to the lengthening effects of growth hormone (or somatomedin).

A

True; this is what stops growth in height at the end of puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F The majority of hormones in the body are proteins or peptides.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F All steroid hormones are cholesterol derivatives.

A

True, by definition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F In primary hyposecretion of a given hormone, the deficit (or problem) lies within the actual endocrine gland that normally secretes that hormone; an example would be immune destruction of normally secreting glandular tissue.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F Some amine hormones are cholesterol derivatives.

A

False and nonsensical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F In secondary hypersecretion of a given hormone, the deficit (or problem) lies outside the endocrine gland that normally secretes that hormone, such as in a distant tumor that itself hypersecretes a regulatory (or tropic) hormone.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F FSH and LH are sex hormones.

A

False; they control the gonads and release of sex hormones, but they themselves are not sex hormones—they are present in significant quantities in both sexes and are peptide hormones, not cholesterol derivatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The [anterior/ posterior] pituitary is also known as the adenohypophysis.

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The [anterior/ posterior] pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis.

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The [anterior/ posterior] pituitary is a neural extension of the hypothalamus.

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The [anterior/ posterior] pituitary is derived from epithelial cells in the mouth region which migrate upward in the head.

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aldosterone is the most important of the [mineralcorticoids/ glucocorticoids/ gonadocorticoids].

A

mineralcorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

[Mineralcorticoids/ Glucocorticoids/ Gonadocorticoids / Corticosteroids] are the primary steroid
hormones made and released by adrenal cortex.

A

Corticosteroids; corticosteroids include the other three listed hormone types- mineralcorticoids,
glucocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The connection between the hypothalamus and the [anterior/ posterior] pituitary gland is mainly a vascular one.

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The connection between the hypothalamus and the [anterior/ posterior] pituitary gland is mainly a neural one.

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

[ Iodine / Calcium/ Vitamin D/ Iron / Sulfur ] is a chemical element found in the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ___________________________________ is the stalk of the pituitary gland.

A

infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The _______________________________ glands, usually 4 in number, are small glands usually situated on the posterior aspect of the thyroid glands.

A

parathyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_________________________________ is a control loop whereby the product or output of a system acts back on the system to repress or stop its own production.

A

Negative feedback/

also called Feedback inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

______________________________ are chemical messengers— excluding neurotransmitters— which are released into the intercellular fluid and which exert their influence on nearby cells.

A

Paracrine agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______________________________ are chemical messengers used by neurons to communicate with each other or with effector cells.

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

______________________________ are chemical messengers released by neurons which then travel in the blood to their distant target cells.

A

Neurohormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

______________________________ are chemical messengers synthesized by endocrine cells in response to certain stimuli and secreted into the blood, which carries them to distant target cells.

A

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The _________________________, a region of the brain, largely controls the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary.

A

hypothalamus

30
Q

A(n) _________________________ hormone regulates the hormonal functioning of a distant endocrine gland.

A

tropic

31
Q

The adrenal ______________________ is the outermost part of the adrenal gland which releases the adrenal steroid hormones.

A

cortex

32
Q

The adrenal ______________________ is the innermost part of the adrenal gland which releases the sympathetic hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A

medulla

33
Q

The ____________________________ cells of the thyroid gland are responsible for the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.

A

follicular

34
Q

The ___________________________________ comprise the endocrine portion of the pancreas, which is responsible for releasing glucagon and insulin.

A

islets of Langerhans

35
Q

The ________________________ cells and their ducts comprise the exocrine portion of the pancreas, which releases digestive enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract.

A

acinar

36
Q 
Which ONE of the following is NOT an amine hormone? 
A. 3, 5 ,3’,5’-tetraiodothyronine (T4)
B. Epinephrine (adrenaline)
C. Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
D. Dopamine
E. Cortisol
F. (ALL of the above are amine hormones)
A

E. cortisol; cortisol is a steroid hormone

37
Q

Which ONE of the following is NOT TRUE regarding ADH?
A. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus
B. ADH is released by the anterior pituitary
C. Alcohol consumption inhibits ADH secretion
D. Vasopressin is an alternative name for ADH
E. ADH, esp. in higher concentrations, is a potent vasoconstrictor
F. (None; ALL of the above are true regarding ADH)

A

B. ADH is released by the posterior pituitary

38
Q 
Steroid hormones are produced by 
A. ovaries and testes
B. adrenal cortex
C. adrenal medulla
D. anterior pituitary 
E. (three of the above) 
F. (only A and B)
A

F. only A & B. The adrenal medulla produces amine hormones ((nor-) adrenaline) while the ant.
pituitary produces peptide hormones

39
Q

Hormone(s) which increases the plasma levels of calcium

A

D) parathyroid hormone

40
Q

Hormone(s) which set the basal metabolic rate of the body

A

B) tri-iodothyronine (T3) & T4

41
Q

Hormone(s) which stimulates cells to take up fuels from the blood (i.e. to internalize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids)

A

E) insulin

42
Q

Hormone(s) which stimulates milk production by the breasts

A

K) prolactin

43
Q

Hormone(s) which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

A

M) ACTH

44
Q

Hormone(s) involved in prolonging and reinforcing the sympathetic response

A

A) epinephrine

45
Q

Hormone which helps the body prepare to cope with stress; at therapeutic levels, depresses the immune system

A

I) Cortisol

46
Q

Hormone(s) which promotes the absorption of calcium by the intestine; this hormone may be obtained in the diet or synthesized from cholesterol when sunlight falls on exposed skin

A

N) Calcitriol (active Vit. D)

47
Q

Hormone(s) which stimulates contraction of smooth muscle; may also be involved in invoking the “good feelings” surrounding such activities as cuddling

A

G) Oxytocin

48
Q

Hormone(s) which causes the body to conserve sodium at the expense of potassium

A

H) Aldosertone

49
Q

Hormone(s) which stimulate growth in the long bones of the body

A

L) Somatomedins

50
Q

A weak androgenic sex hormone

A

J) DHEA

51
Q

Hormone(s) which causes insertion of water channels into kidney tubular epithelial cells, thus promoting water reabsorption from the forming urine (i.e., water conservation by the kidneys)

A

O) Anti-Diuretic Hormone

52
Q

Throid hormone that lowers blood calcium levels

A

C) Calcitonin

53
Q

Pancreatic hormone that raises blood glucose levels

A

F) Glucagon

54
Q

which organ/structure releases Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)?

A

D) hypothalamus

55
Q

which organ/structure releases T3 (thyroxine) and T4?

A

O) thyroid gland

56
Q

which organ/structure releases anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

D&L - hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

57
Q

which organ/structure releases mineralcorticoids (e.g., aldosterone)?

A

A) adrenal cortex

58
Q

which organ/structure releases glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol)?

A

A) adrenal cortex

59
Q

which organ/structure releases growth hormone releasing hormone?

A

D) hypothalamus

60
Q

which organ/structure releases growth hormone?

A

K) Pituitary, anterior

61
Q

which organ/structure releases oxytocin?

A

D&L) Hypothalamus & Pituitary, posterior

62
Q

which organ/structure releases epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

B) Adrenal medulla

63
Q

which organ/structure releases prolactin?

A

K) Pituitary, anterior

64
Q

which organ/structure releases sex hormones?

A

C) Adrenal cortex + Gonads

65
Q

which organ/structure releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

K) Pituitary, anterior

66
Q

which organ/structure releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

K) Pituitary, anterior

67
Q

which organ/structure releases luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

K) Pituitary, anterior

68
Q

which organ/structure releases glucagon and insulin?

A

H) Pancreas

69
Q

which organ/structure releases calcitonin?

A

O) Thyroid gland

70
Q

which organ/structure releases parathyroid hormone?

A

I) Parathyroid glands

A+P II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions