Ears Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: The receptors in the inner ear responsible for our senses of hearing and balance are all mechanoreceptors called hair cells

A

True

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2
Q

T/F: The saccules, utricles, cochlea and semicircular canals are located in the middle ear.

A

False

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3
Q

The [tragus/ antitragus/ helix/ antihelix/ concha] is the thickened, outer rim of the ear pinnae.

A

helix

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4
Q

Sound energy (vibrations) enter the inner ear largely through the structure termed the [scala tympani/ round window/ oval window/ tympanic membrane (eardrum)].

A

oval window

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5
Q

The organs of hearing are found in the [cochlea/ saccule / utricle / semicircular canals].

A

cochlea

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6
Q

The [cochlea/ vestibule/ semicircular ducts] is/are the part(s) of the inner ear which report(s) on linear acceleration of the head, and somewhat on its position in space.

A

vestibule

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7
Q

The [utricle/ saccule] is the vestibular organ that reports on anterior-posterior and left-to-right linear accelerations

A

utricle (the one who’s hair cells point upwards)

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8
Q

The [utricle/ saccule] is the vestibular organ that reports on anterior-posterior and up-down linear accelerations

A

Saccule (the one whose hair cells point sideways)

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9
Q

[Lymph/ perilymph/ endolymph] contains low K+ concentrations and fills the membranous labyrinths without mixing with CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

A

endolymph

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10
Q

[Lymph/ perilymph/ endolymph] contains high K+ concentrations, mixes with CSF, and fills the bony labyrinths

A

perilymph

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11
Q

The [cochlea/ vestibule/ semi-circular canals (ducts)] is/are the part(s) of the inner ear which report(s) on angular movements (accelerations) of the head in any of three perpendicular planes in space.

A

semicircular canals (ducts)

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12
Q

The [tragus/ antitragus/ helix/ antihelix/ concha] is a small flap of skin-covered cartilage which lies over the external auditory meatus.

A

tragus

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13
Q

The outer layer of the eardrum is composed of [cutaneous / mucous / serous / connective ] tissue, while the inner (medial) layer is composed of [cutaneous / mucous / serous / connective ] tissue.

A

cutaneous, mucous

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14
Q

The ______________ ear consists of that part of the ear from the pinna to the tympanic membrane.

A

outer

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15
Q

____________________________ hearing loss occurs as a result of loss of function of the cochlear hair cells, vestibulocochlear nerve, or hearing centers in the brain

A

Sensorineural

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16
Q

____________________________ hearing loss results from inefficient or no conduction of sound vibrations from the eardrum into the cochlea

A

Conduction

17
Q

____________________________ is hardening of the ossicles of the middle ear—ossification of the joints between the ossicles— resulting in conduction problems, including conduction deafness.

A

Otosclerosis

18
Q

List the ossicles in order from the tympanic membrane to the oval window? (don’t MISs this one!)

A

(eardrum)-malleus-incus-stapes-(oval window)

19
Q

Describe the function of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles.

A

They dampen the vibrations of the eardrum and ossicles, to help protect the delicate inner ear from overly loud sounds

20
Q

The equilibrium organ most responsible for sensing the sudden vertical descent is/are…

A

The saccules: since utricular hairs point straight upwards, they will not be deflected by vertical ascents or descents

21
Q

Consist of malleus, incus & stapes; use mechanical leverage to amplify vibrations of eardrum and pass them on to the cochlea.

22
Q

Receives vibrations from the stapes and transfers them into the cochlea

A

Oval window

23
Q

Translates vibrations into receptor potentials

A

Hair cells

24
Q

The fluid filled chamber where incoming vibrations are sorted out into component frequencies and ultimately converted into action potentials; contains basilar membrane, hair cells, scala tympani, scala vestibuli, etc.

25
The part of the inner ear which reports on angular movements (accelerations) of the head in any of perpendicular planes in space.
Semicircular canals
26
One of the vestibular structures which report on linear acceleration of the head and its position in space
Utricle
27
Being the intermediate bone of the middle ear, this bone articulates with both of the other middle ear bones
Incus
28
The middle ear bone which is in contact with, and receives vibrations from, the tympanic membrane
Malleus
29
The middle ear bone which is in contact with, and transmits vibrations to, the oval window.
Stapes
30
Tympanic membrane
Translates sound waves into vibration, and passes that on to the bones of the middle ear
31
Membrane separating the middle ear and inner ears which serves as an entrance for sound energy into the inner ear
Oval window
32
Membrane separating the middle ear and inner ears which serves as an exit for sound energy from the inner ear
Round window
33
Membrane separating the outer and middle ears
Tympanic membrane
34
Channel providing the middle ear with direct access to the pharynx
Auditory tube
35
Channel or space connecting the middle ear with the air cells of the mastoid process
Mastoid antrum