Ears

Question 1

T/F: The receptors in the inner ear responsible for our senses of hearing and balance are all mechanoreceptors called hair cells

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F: The saccules, utricles, cochlea and semicircular canals are located in the middle ear.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The [tragus/ antitragus/ helix/ antihelix/ concha] is the thickened, outer rim of the ear pinnae.

Answer 3

helix

Question 4

Sound energy (vibrations) enter the inner ear largely through the structure termed the [scala tympani/ round window/ oval window/ tympanic membrane (eardrum)].

Answer 4

oval window

Question 5

The organs of hearing are found in the [cochlea/ saccule / utricle / semicircular canals].

Answer 5

cochlea

Question 6

The [cochlea/ vestibule/ semicircular ducts] is/are the part(s) of the inner ear which report(s) on linear acceleration of the head, and somewhat on its position in space.

Answer 6

vestibule

Question 7

The [utricle/ saccule] is the vestibular organ that reports on anterior-posterior and left-to-right linear accelerations

Answer 7

utricle (the one who’s hair cells point upwards)

Question 8

The [utricle/ saccule] is the vestibular organ that reports on anterior-posterior and up-down linear accelerations

Answer 8

Saccule (the one whose hair cells point sideways)

Question 9

[Lymph/ perilymph/ endolymph] contains low K+ concentrations and fills the membranous labyrinths without mixing with CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

Answer 9

endolymph

Question 10

[Lymph/ perilymph/ endolymph] contains high K+ concentrations, mixes with CSF, and fills the bony labyrinths

Answer 10

perilymph

Question 11

The [cochlea/ vestibule/ semi-circular canals (ducts)] is/are the part(s) of the inner ear which report(s) on angular movements (accelerations) of the head in any of three perpendicular planes in space.

Answer 11

semicircular canals (ducts)

Question 12

The [tragus/ antitragus/ helix/ antihelix/ concha] is a small flap of skin-covered cartilage which lies over the external auditory meatus.

Answer 12

tragus

Question 13

The outer layer of the eardrum is composed of [cutaneous / mucous / serous / connective ] tissue, while the inner (medial) layer is composed of [cutaneous / mucous / serous / connective ] tissue.

Answer 13

cutaneous, mucous

Question 14

The ______________ ear consists of that part of the ear from the pinna to the tympanic membrane.

Answer 14

outer

Question 15

____________________________ hearing loss occurs as a result of loss of function of the cochlear hair cells, vestibulocochlear nerve, or hearing centers in the brain

Answer 15

Sensorineural

Question 16

____________________________ hearing loss results from inefficient or no conduction of sound vibrations from the eardrum into the cochlea

Answer 16

Conduction

Question 17

____________________________ is hardening of the ossicles of the middle ear—ossification of the joints between the ossicles— resulting in conduction problems, including conduction deafness.

Answer 17

Otosclerosis

Question 18

List the ossicles in order from the tympanic membrane to the oval window? (don’t MISs this one!)

Answer 18

(eardrum)-malleus-incus-stapes-(oval window)

Question 19

Describe the function of the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles.

Answer 19

They dampen the vibrations of the eardrum and ossicles, to help protect the delicate inner ear from overly loud sounds

Question 20

The equilibrium organ most responsible for sensing the sudden vertical descent is/are…

Answer 20

The saccules: since utricular hairs point straight upwards, they will not be deflected by vertical ascents or descents

Question 21

Consist of malleus, incus & stapes; use mechanical leverage to amplify vibrations of eardrum and pass them on to the cochlea.

Answer 21

Ossicles

Question 22

Receives vibrations from the stapes and transfers them into the cochlea

Answer 22

Oval window

Question 23

Translates vibrations into receptor potentials

Answer 23

Hair cells

Question 24

The fluid filled chamber where incoming vibrations are sorted out into component frequencies and ultimately converted into action potentials; contains basilar membrane, hair cells, scala tympani, scala vestibuli, etc.

Answer 24

Cochlea

Question 25

The part of the inner ear which reports on angular movements (accelerations) of the head in any of perpendicular planes in space.

Answer 25

Semicircular canals

Question 26

One of the vestibular structures which report on linear acceleration of the head and its position in space

Answer 26

Utricle

Question 27

Being the intermediate bone of the middle ear, this bone articulates with both of the other middle ear bones

Answer 27

Incus

Question 28

The middle ear bone which is in contact with, and receives vibrations from, the tympanic membrane

Answer 28

Malleus

Question 29

The middle ear bone which is in contact with, and transmits vibrations to, the oval window.

Answer 29

Stapes

Question 30

Tympanic membrane

Answer 30

Translates sound waves into vibration, and passes that on to the bones of the middle ear

Question 31

Membrane separating the middle ear and inner ears which serves as an entrance for sound energy into the inner ear

Answer 31

Oval window

Question 32

Membrane separating the middle ear and inner ears which serves as an exit for sound energy from the inner ear

Answer 32

Round window

Question 33

Membrane separating the outer and middle ears

Answer 33

Tympanic membrane

Question 34

Channel providing the middle ear with direct access to the pharynx

Answer 34

Auditory tube

Question 35

Channel or space connecting the middle ear with the air cells of the mastoid process

Answer 35

Mastoid antrum