Urinary Elimination

Question 1

Minimum volume of urine per hour

Answer 1

30 mL/hour

Question 2

t/f: clear urine could look cloudy if it sits out too long

Answer 2

true. Assess fresh urine.

Question 3

minimum volume of urine per 24 hours

Answer 3

720 mL

Question 4

This symptom is an indicator of UTI in older adults

Answer 4

confusion or mental status change

Question 5

voiding

Answer 5

urination

Question 6

dysuria

Answer 6

painful urination

Question 7

polyuria

Answer 7

excessive urination

Question 8

anuria

Answer 8

severely decreased or absent urine (<100 mL of urine a day)

Question 9

oliguria

Answer 9

decreased urination (<400 mL of urine a day)

Question 10

urgency

Answer 10

feeling like one is unable to delay voiding voluntarily

Question 11

urinary retention

Answer 11

urine remains in the bladder after voiding

Question 12

nocturia

Answer 12

waking up to void at night

Question 13

frequency

Answer 13

voids frequently in small amounts

Question 14

hematuria

Answer 14

blood in the urine

Question 15

pyuria

Answer 15

when urine contains pus

Question 16

incontinence

Answer 16

involuntary loss of urine from the bladder (an “accident”)

Question 17

What counts in fluid intake

Answer 17

oral, IV, nasogastric or PEG tube

Question 18

what hormone makes the body retain fluid

Answer 18

ADH

Question 19

what triggers the release of ADH

Answer 19

increased plasma osmolarity

Question 20

How many mL in one oz

Answer 20

30

Question 21

How can the body lose fluid

Answer 21

Oral: vomiting
Integumentary: diaphoresis, wound drainage, burns
GI/urinary: diarrhea, urine
Blood

Question 22

How does hypotension impact fluid

Answer 22

poor renal perfusion, unable to filtrate

Question 23

how does surgery impact fluid

Answer 23

volume deficit, urinary retention from anesthesia, need to void within 8 hours of surgery

Question 24

how do medications affect pregnancy

Answer 24

diuretics increase output

opioids, tricyclic, antihistamines decrease output

Question 25

why does surgery cause a fluid volume deficit

Answer 25

NPO before surgery

Question 26

Risk factors for UTI

Answer 26

``` internal urethra: shorter, and exposure to bacteria from wiping sexual intercourse urinary catheter (CAUTI) ```

Question 27

When should you suspect a CAUTI?

Answer 27

If an indwelling catheter has been in place for 48 hours or more

Question 28

How does adequate water intake prevent UTIs?

Answer 28

flushes microorganisms

Question 29

How does voiding after sexual intercourse prevent UTIs

Answer 29

flushes microorganisms

Question 30

stress incontinence cause/treatment

Answer 30

cause: abd pressure, prostate surgery treat: kegels, vaginal pessary, estrogen creams, catheters, surgery

Question 31

urge incontinence

Answer 31

random involuntary passage of urine after strong urge to void

Question 32

# voiding regimen Used for cognitive or physical impairment Void on a fixed schedule (name and indication)

Answer 32

Timed voiding: urge incontinence

Question 33

# voiding regimen Take time to check to see if there is a need to void | name and indication

Answer 33

Prompted voiding: functional and total incontinence

Question 34

# voiding regimen Schedule bathroom trips around when incontinence episodes occur (name and indication)

Answer 34

habit retraining: functional and total urinary incontinence

Question 35

- Schedule voiding times with a narrow range of 2 hours - Eventually widen range to 4 hours (cause and indication)

Answer 35

bladder training: urge and reflex incontinence

Question 36

Noninvasive diagnostic if patient doesn't void after surgery

Answer 36

bladder ultrasound

Question 37

# Urine specimen type Can be poured from nonsterile container into cup

Answer 37

random

Question 38

# Urine specimen type * Sterile cup or bedpan | * Seek specimen without microorganisms

Answer 38

clean-catch

Question 39

# Urine specimen type * Specific measurement of kidney’s excretion of substances | * Educate all personnel and family about need to keep all urine for the 24-hour period

Answer 39

24 hour

Question 40

# Urine specimen type * In-and-out to obtain specimen at a specific time | * Indwelling, can collect from a port near the top of catheter (not from drainage bag)

Answer 40

catheter

Question 41

normal color

Answer 41

``` light yellow/amber colorless: too much fluid intake dark color: low fluid intake pink: RBC pink/orange/red/brown/blue-green: foods ```

Question 42

normal turbidity

Answer 42

clear. | Hazy, cloudy, smoky: red or white blood cells, bacteria, mucus threads, secondary to indwelling catheter

Question 43

normal urine pH

Answer 43

normal 6, range 4.6-8 <6: diet high in meat or some fruits, acidosis >6: diet high in vegetables and citrus fruits, UTI, alkalosis

Question 44

normal urine specific gravity

Answer 44

1. 015-1.025 lower: high fluid intake, dieuretics, diabetes insipidus higher: low fluid intake, high fluid loss, ADH secretion

Question 45

normal protein in urine

Answer 45

none - present in severe stress, renal disease, preeclampsia

Question 46

normal glucose in urine

Answer 46

none. Presence indicates DM

Question 47

Normal ketones in urine

Answer 47

none. Present in diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis, starvation

Question 48

# lab urine test * Urea is normally excreted | * Impaired kidneys are unable to excrete urea leading to an increase in this value

Answer 48

BUN

Question 49

# lab urine test * a waste product excreted by the kidneys * Increased _____ indicates renal impairment * More sensitive indicator than BUN for renal impairment

Answer 49

creatinine

Question 50

# lab urine test * Need creatinine level from urine and blood * Need the amount of urine developed in 24 hours * Estimates the kidneys glomerular filtration ability

Answer 50

creatinine clearance

Question 51

# lab urine test - Best indicator of kidney function | - Requires multiple data: Age, race, gender, serum creatinine

Answer 51

glomular filtration rate

Question 52

type of catheter: just a tube

Answer 52

straight or intermittent

Question 53

type of cath: catheter tube with bend in it

Answer 53

coute catheter (prostate problems)

Question 54

type of cath: catheter tube with one port and balloon

Answer 54

indwelling

Question 55

type of cath: tube with 2 ports and balloon

Answer 55

bladder irrigation