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Foundations of Nursing > Urinary Elimination > Flashcards

Urinary Elimination Flashcards

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1
Q

Minimum volume of urine per hour

A

30 mL/hour

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2
Q

t/f: clear urine could look cloudy if it sits out too long

A

true. Assess fresh urine.

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3
Q

minimum volume of urine per 24 hours

A

720 mL

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4
Q

This symptom is an indicator of UTI in older adults

A

confusion or mental status change

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5
Q

voiding

A

urination

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6
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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7
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

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8
Q

anuria

A

severely decreased or absent urine (<100 mL of urine a day)

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9
Q

oliguria

A

decreased urination (<400 mL of urine a day)

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10
Q

urgency

A

feeling like one is unable to delay voiding voluntarily

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11
Q

urinary retention

A

urine remains in the bladder after voiding

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12
Q

nocturia

A

waking up to void at night

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13
Q

frequency

A

voids frequently in small amounts

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14
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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15
Q

pyuria

A

when urine contains pus

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16
Q

incontinence

A

involuntary loss of urine from the bladder (an “accident”)

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17
Q

What counts in fluid intake

A

oral, IV, nasogastric or PEG tube

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18
Q

what hormone makes the body retain fluid

A

ADH

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19
Q

what triggers the release of ADH

A

increased plasma osmolarity

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20
Q

How many mL in one oz

A

30

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21
Q

How can the body lose fluid

A

Oral: vomiting
Integumentary: diaphoresis, wound drainage, burns
GI/urinary: diarrhea, urine
Blood

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22
Q

How does hypotension impact fluid

A

poor renal perfusion, unable to filtrate

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23
Q

how does surgery impact fluid

A

volume deficit, urinary retention from anesthesia, need to void within 8 hours of surgery

24
Q

how do medications affect pregnancy

A

diuretics increase output

opioids, tricyclic, antihistamines decrease output

25
Q

why does surgery cause a fluid volume deficit

A

NPO before surgery

26
Q

Risk factors for UTI

A 
internal urethra: shorter, and exposure to bacteria from wiping
sexual intercourse
urinary catheter (CAUTI)
27
Q

When should you suspect a CAUTI?

A

If an indwelling catheter has been in place for 48 hours or more

28
Q

How does adequate water intake prevent UTIs?

A

flushes microorganisms

29
Q

How does voiding after sexual intercourse prevent UTIs

A

flushes microorganisms

30
Q

stress incontinence cause/treatment

A

cause: abd pressure, prostate surgery
treat: kegels, vaginal pessary, estrogen creams, catheters, surgery

31
Q

urge incontinence

A

random involuntary passage of urine after strong urge to void

32
Q

voiding regimen

Used for cognitive or physical impairment
Void on a fixed schedule
(name and indication)

A

Timed voiding: urge incontinence

33
Q

voiding regimen

Take time to check to see if there is a need to void

name and indication

A

Prompted voiding: functional and total incontinence

34
Q

voiding regimen

Schedule bathroom trips around when incontinence episodes occur
(name and indication)

A

habit retraining: functional and total urinary incontinence

35
Q
  • Schedule voiding times with a narrow range of 2 hours
  • Eventually widen range to 4 hours
    (cause and indication)
A

bladder training: urge and reflex incontinence

36
Q

Noninvasive diagnostic if patient doesn’t void after surgery

A

bladder ultrasound

37
Q

Urine specimen type

Can be poured from nonsterile container into cup

A

random

38
Q

Urine specimen type

  • Sterile cup or bedpan

* Seek specimen without microorganisms

A

clean-catch

39
Q

Urine specimen type

  • Specific measurement of kidney’s excretion of substances

* Educate all personnel and family about need to keep all urine for the 24-hour period

A

24 hour

40
Q

Urine specimen type

  • In-and-out to obtain specimen at a specific time

* Indwelling, can collect from a port near the top of catheter (not from drainage bag)

A

catheter

41
Q

normal color

A 
light yellow/amber
colorless: too much fluid intake
dark color: low fluid intake
pink: RBC
pink/orange/red/brown/blue-green: foods
42
Q

normal turbidity

A

clear.

Hazy, cloudy, smoky: red or white blood cells, bacteria, mucus threads, secondary to indwelling catheter

43
Q

normal urine pH

A

normal 6, range 4.6-8
<6: diet high in meat or some fruits, acidosis
>6: diet high in vegetables and citrus fruits, UTI, alkalosis

44
Q

normal urine specific gravity

A
  1. 015-1.025
    lower: high fluid intake, dieuretics, diabetes insipidus
    higher: low fluid intake, high fluid loss, ADH secretion
45
Q

normal protein in urine

A

none - present in severe stress, renal disease, preeclampsia

46
Q

normal glucose in urine

A

none. Presence indicates DM

47
Q

Normal ketones in urine

A

none. Present in diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis, starvation

48
Q

lab urine test

  • Urea is normally excreted

* Impaired kidneys are unable to excrete urea leading to an increase in this value

A

BUN

49
Q

lab urine test

  • a waste product excreted by the kidneys
  • Increased _____ indicates renal impairment
  • More sensitive indicator than BUN for renal impairment
A

creatinine

50
Q

lab urine test

  • Need creatinine level from urine and blood
  • Need the amount of urine developed in 24 hours
  • Estimates the kidneys glomerular filtration ability
A

creatinine clearance

51
Q

lab urine test

  • Best indicator of kidney function

- Requires multiple data: Age, race, gender, serum creatinine

A

glomular filtration rate

52
Q

type of catheter: just a tube

A

straight or intermittent

53
Q

type of cath: catheter tube with bend in it

A

coute catheter (prostate problems)

54
Q

type of cath: catheter tube with one port and balloon

A

indwelling

55
Q

type of cath: tube with 2 ports and balloon

A

bladder irrigation

Foundations of Nursing (22 decks)

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