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Foundations of Nursing > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

Moving a joint toward the middle of the body

A

adduction

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2
Q

Moving a joint away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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3
Q

Decreasing angle between two bones

A

flexion

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4
Q

Straightening a joint

A

extension

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5
Q

turning the body or a body part to face upward

A

supination

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6
Q

turning the body or a body part to face downward

A

pronation

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7
Q

Three lifespan mobility considerations for newborns and infants

A

reflexes
gross motor skills
milestones

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8
Q

Toddler mobility considerations

A

wide stance and unsteady gait

fine motor skills

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9
Q

Child and adolescent mobility considerations

A

growth spurts

school sports

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10
Q

Recommendation for strenuous aerobic exercise

A

30 min 3x/wk

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11
Q

Musculoskeletal factors affecting mobility

A

osteoporosis

calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B (vitamin D)

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12
Q

paraplegia

A

decreased motor and sensory function of legs

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13
Q

hemiplegia

A

one leg and one arm on the same side is impacted

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14
Q

tetraplegia

A

both arms and both legs impacted

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15
Q

congenital conditions that impact movement

A

spina bifida, cerebral palsy

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16
Q

Can depression and affective disorders affect mobility?

A

yes

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17
Q

Applied principles of body mechanics (4)

A
  • adjust height of the work area
  • hold objects close to body when lifting
  • use mechanical devices when appropriate
  • holding one’s breath during physical activity is an indication of muscle strain
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18
Q

What is the work area in nursing

A

wherever the patient is

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19
Q

How do you prevent back injury

A

plan ahead: get help, ensure good height of bed, reposition to lift with legs

DON’T hold far away, twist while lifting, lift with back

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20
Q

Requires oxygen to use the energy provided by the metabolic activities of the skeletal muscles

A

aerobic

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21
Q

Static exercise by which the patient tenses a muscle

A

isometric

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22
Q

isotonic exercise

A

form of exercise with muscle tension, contraction, and active movement

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23
Q

anaerobic exercise

A

skeletal muscle activity using energy metabolized without energy

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24
Q

increased, rapid muscle tone

A

spasticity

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25
Q

rhythmic repetitive motion that can occur at rest and may interfere with fine motor control

A

tremor

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26
Q

spontaneous brief involuntary muscle twitching of the limbs or facial muscles

A

chorea

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27
Q

gait characterized by walking with the feet wide apart in a duck-like fashion

A

waddling

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28
Q

progressive shortening of a muscle and loss of joint mobility resulting from fibrotic changes in tissues surrounding the joint

A

contracture

this can be a problem in long term care facilities

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29
Q

largest reportable problem related to mobility

A

falls
anything that impairs mobility increases the risk for a fall
falls lead to hospitalizations, increased costs, increased morbidity and mortality

30
Q

fall risk factors (6)

A 
history of falls
secondary diagnosis
ambulatory aid
IV/heparin lock
gait/transferring
mental status
31
Q

fall risk factors (6)

A 
history of falls
secondary diagnosis
ambulatory aid
IV/heparin lock
gait/transferring
mental status
32
Q

causes of pain from immobility (4)

A

renal calculi (from calcium leeched from the bones), contractures, atrophy, joint pain

33
Q

cardiovascular issues with immobility

A

orthostatic hypotension

barioreceptors dull with immobility

34
Q

injury from immobility

A

pressure ulcers

35
Q

infection from immobility

A

urinary stasis, UTI

36
Q

infection from immobility

A

urinary stasis, UTI

37
Q

thrombus formation with immobility

A
  • low velocity > precipitates
  • venous return to the heart decreases
    platelets, fibrin, and cell elements can attach - to vessel walls
38
Q

Does immobility increase blood viscosity?

A

no

39
Q

Three main tools to prevent immobility-related thrombus

A

compression, ambulation, Lovenox (anticoagulant)

40
Q

pneumonia potential with with immobility (4)

A
  • restricted movement of diaphragm
  • shallower breathing due to lack of demand
  • alveoli collapse due to underinflation of lungs: atelectasis
  • ambulate to reduce risk
41
Q

nitrogen-related immobility sequelae

A

inadequate protein synthesis
delayed wound healing
muscle atrophy

42
Q

diagnostic tools for mobility-related issues

A

x-ray and arthroscopy

labs: hemoglobin/hematocrit

43
Q

types of physical fitness to recommend (SATA for test)

A 
tai chi
group activities
membership to a local health club
strength training
physical therapy
44
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

osteoclasts dominate over osteoblasts

low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, disruption of bone architecture

45
Q

osteoporosis recommendations

A 
smoking cessation
alcohol and caffeine limit
calcium and vitamin D
weight-bearing exercise
bone density testing
medications
46
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
post menopausal
family history
history of fractures
alcohol abuse
cigarette smoking
prolonged immobility
47
Q

patient lies with head 30 to 40 degrees lower than feet

A

trendelenburg

48
Q

head elevated 30 to 45 degrees

A

semi-fowler’s

49
Q

face down pt

A

prone

50
Q

pt lying on side

A

side-lying or lateral

51
Q

head elevated 80-90 degrees

A

fowler’s (or true fowler’s)

52
Q

pt lies supine with hips flexed and calves and heels parallel to floor

A

lithotomy

53
Q

foot boots

A

keeps foot in flexed position

54
Q

hand roll

A

keeps hand in functional position and prevents finger contraction

55
Q

abduction pillow

A

maintains hip abduction after hip surgery to prevent hip dislocation

56
Q

side rail

A

help weak patients turn
protects patients from falling out of bed
bed has 4 side rails (all four up is a restraint)

57
Q

how often should skin under mobility aids be visualized for integrity

A

every 4 hours

58
Q

what activity is encouraged after surgery related to mobility

A

ambulation

59
Q

benefits of early ambulation

A
  • reduces venous clots
  • reduces atelectasis
  • prevents pneumonia
  • promotes bowel motility
60
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of alveoli related to incomplete inhalation (happens with immobility)

61
Q

What to do when pt can’t ambulate

A

range of motion exercises

pt should perform independently as much as possible, but passive ROM is possible

62
Q

when do you stop performing ROM exercises

A

resistance or pain

63
Q

How to prevent postural hypotension when ambulating

A

dangling

64
Q

Signs or symptoms of postural/orthostatic hypotension

A

hypotension, dizziness, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, light-headedness

65
Q

equipment concerns for pt ambulation

A

oxygen
IV tubing
IV pole
portable oxygen

66
Q

non-equipment concerns for pt ambulation

A

medications
surgical limitations
baseline

67
Q

transfer equipment

A

transfer belt
various lifts
friction reducting sheets

68
Q

cane basics

A 
2 points of supports at all times
cane on stronger side
move cane forward first
move weak leg same distance as cane
move stronger leg forward beyond cane and weak legs
69
Q

discharge mobility considerations

A

what pt has and needs at home
has someone checked environment for fall hazards
referrals for home health and follow up

70
Q

Does a pt with oxygen needs special equipment before ambulating?

A

Yes - oxygen tank

Foundations of Nursing (22 decks)

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