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Foundations of Nursing > Sleep and Sensory > Flashcards

Sleep and Sensory Flashcards

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1
Q

The nurse is caring for a client who is placed in soft-wrist restraints. Which action by the nurse is appropriate concerning restraint use?

  • attach restraints to walker
  • ask for restraint protocol from physician
  • document behaviors nurse imagines restraints would prevent
  • provide a trial release
A

Provide a trial release

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2
Q

3 components of sleep health

A

sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings, ease of waking

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3
Q

3 consequences of poor sleep

A

increased BP, increased cortisol, increased cytokines

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4
Q

Proportion of REM to non-REM

A

30% REM : 70% non-REM

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5
Q

NREM [increase/decrease] in brain activity from wakefulness

A

decrease

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6
Q

Muscle tone in REM sleep is [slightly lower/absent]

A

absent

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7
Q

HR and BP in REM [decreases and stable or increases and highly variable]

A

increases and highly variable

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8
Q

NREM body temp [regulated at lower level/is not regulated]

A

regulated at lower levels

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9
Q

blood flow to the brain in REM [increases depending on brain area/decreases from wakefulness]

A

increases from NREM depending on the brain area

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10
Q

Which of these components is lower in REM than NREM:

  • brain activity
  • HR/BP
  • Sympathetic nerve activity
  • Muscle tone
A

Muscle tone

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11
Q

1/3 of adults get how much sleep

A

6 hours or less

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12
Q

average sleep latency

A

10 minutes or less

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13
Q

sleep latency less than 5 minutes

A

sleep deprivation

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14
Q

sleep latency more than 30 minutes

A

insomnia

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15
Q

typical nocturnal awakenings

A

1-2 brief events/night

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16
Q

how long is typical circadian rhythm

A

24 hours

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17
Q

hormones related to circadian rhythm

A

melatonin, cortisol (among others)

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18
Q

circadian rhythm develops at which age

A

2-3 months

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19
Q

infants begin sleeping through the night at what age (in theory)

A

6-9 months

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20
Q

average sleep time of newborns and infants

A

13 hours

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21
Q

toddler and preschool have what percentage of REM sleep

A

30%

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22
Q

adolescents need how many hours of sleep

A

9, but rarely get it

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23
Q

adult sleep duration

A

7 hours average

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24
Q

older adult sleep latency

A

longer

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25
Q

recommended last time to drink caffeine

A

6 hours before bed

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26
Q

do benzodiazepines and alcohol promote good sleep

A

no

27
Q

negative effects of alcohol on sleep

A
  • sedation instead of sleep – no REM
  • rebound awakening
  • poor sleep while in recovery from chronic alcohol overuse
28
Q

insomnia treatments

A

CBT-I

medications

29
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow breathing

30
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

31
Q

consequences of sleep apnea

A

hypertension
increased risk of stroke
impaired concentration

32
Q

cataplexy

A

extreme muscle weakness, present in 70% of narcolepsy patients

33
Q

onset of REM in narcolepsy

A

within 20 minutes

34
Q

sleep attacks

A

extreme urge to fall asleep

35
Q

sleep paralysis

A

you cannot move or speak as you are waking up or falling asleep.

36
Q

RLS

A

restless leg syndrome – unpleasant sensations lead to urge to move them (maintain normal iron levels)

37
Q

PLMD

A

periodic limb movement disorder: repetitive dorsiflexion of foot and flexion of knee during sleep

38
Q

BEARS for sleep assessment

A 
Bedtime
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Awakenings
Regularity and sleep duration
Snoring
39
Q

*** sensory perception

A

use of senses to receive information facilitated by the reticular activating system (RAS)

40
Q

perception

A

how the brain processes information

41
Q

primary sense of newborns and infants

A

touch (for bonding and nursing)

42
Q

sensory function [increases/decreases] in old age

A

decreases

43
Q

alarm fatigue

A

sensory concept of adaption: not recognizing an alarm when it rings for the hundredth time in an hour

44
Q

which sense(s) does it disrupt: alcohol

A

touch (peripheral neuropathy with chronic overuse)

45
Q

which sense(s) does it disrupt: smoking

A

taste and smell

46
Q

which sense(s) does it disrupt: cocaine

A

smell

47
Q

which sense(s) does it disrupt: diabetes

A

vision and touch

48
Q

which sense(s) does it disrupt: medications

A

hearing, sedatives dull all senses

49
Q

overload or deprivation: insomnia

A

overload

50
Q

hallucination

A

altered sense

51
Q

delusion

A

altered thoughts

52
Q

match the test with the sense: Snellen

A

vision

53
Q

match the test with the sense: Weber and Rinne

A

hearing

54
Q

match the test with the sense: wisp of cotton

A

touch

55
Q

match the test with the sense: two pins

A

touch

56
Q

match the test with the sense: differentiate three smells

A

smell

57
Q

match the test with the sense: differentiate three tastes

A

taste

58
Q

glasses, large print, color coding

A

vision sensory aids

59
Q

hearing aid, speak facing patient, amplify home sounds

A

sound sensory aid

60
Q

fresh food, minimize noxious stimuli

A

smell sensory aid

61
Q

regular timing of meals, proper temperature of food, fresh foods

A

taste sensory aid

62
Q

hair brushing, turning, massage, clothing

A

touch sensory aid

63
Q

which side do you stand on to assist a visually impaired person with ambulation

A

nondominant

64
Q

what will a visually impaired person do with their nondominant hand

A

grab your arm (so they have choices on when to release)

Foundations of Nursing (22 decks)

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