Sleep and Sensory

Question 1

The nurse is caring for a client who is placed in soft-wrist restraints. Which action by the nurse is appropriate concerning restraint use?

• attach restraints to walker
• ask for restraint protocol from physician
• document behaviors nurse imagines restraints would prevent
• provide a trial release

Answer 1

Provide a trial release

Question 2

3 components of sleep health

Answer 2

sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings, ease of waking

Question 3

3 consequences of poor sleep

Answer 3

increased BP, increased cortisol, increased cytokines

Question 4

Proportion of REM to non-REM

Answer 4

30% REM : 70% non-REM

Question 5

NREM [increase/decrease] in brain activity from wakefulness

Answer 5

decrease

Question 6

Muscle tone in REM sleep is [slightly lower/absent]

Answer 6

absent

Question 7

HR and BP in REM [decreases and stable or increases and highly variable]

Answer 7

increases and highly variable

Question 8

NREM body temp [regulated at lower level/is not regulated]

Answer 8

regulated at lower levels

Question 9

blood flow to the brain in REM [increases depending on brain area/decreases from wakefulness]

Answer 9

increases from NREM depending on the brain area

Question 10

Which of these components is lower in REM than NREM:

• brain activity
• HR/BP
• Sympathetic nerve activity
• Muscle tone

Answer 10

Muscle tone

Question 11

1/3 of adults get how much sleep

Answer 11

6 hours or less

Question 12

average sleep latency

Answer 12

10 minutes or less

Question 13

sleep latency less than 5 minutes

Answer 13

sleep deprivation

Question 14

sleep latency more than 30 minutes

Answer 14

insomnia

Question 15

typical nocturnal awakenings

Answer 15

1-2 brief events/night

Question 16

how long is typical circadian rhythm

Answer 16

24 hours

Question 17

hormones related to circadian rhythm

Answer 17

melatonin, cortisol (among others)

Question 18

circadian rhythm develops at which age

Answer 18

2-3 months

Question 19

infants begin sleeping through the night at what age (in theory)

Answer 19

6-9 months

Question 20

average sleep time of newborns and infants

Answer 20

13 hours

Question 21

toddler and preschool have what percentage of REM sleep

Answer 21

30%

Question 22

adolescents need how many hours of sleep

Answer 22

9, but rarely get it

Question 23

adult sleep duration

Answer 23

7 hours average

Question 24

older adult sleep latency

Answer 24

longer

Question 25

recommended last time to drink caffeine

Answer 25

6 hours before bed

Question 26

do benzodiazepines and alcohol promote good sleep

Answer 26

no

Question 27

negative effects of alcohol on sleep

Answer 27

- sedation instead of sleep -- no REM - rebound awakening - poor sleep while in recovery from chronic alcohol overuse

Question 28

insomnia treatments

Answer 28

CBT-I | medications

Question 29

hypopnea

Answer 29

shallow breathing

Question 30

apnea

Answer 30

absence of breathing

Question 31

consequences of sleep apnea

Answer 31

hypertension increased risk of stroke impaired concentration

Question 32

cataplexy

Answer 32

extreme muscle weakness, present in 70% of narcolepsy patients

Question 33

onset of REM in narcolepsy

Answer 33

within 20 minutes

Question 34

sleep attacks

Answer 34

extreme urge to fall asleep

Question 35

sleep paralysis

Answer 35

you cannot move or speak as you are waking up or falling asleep.

Question 36

RLS

Answer 36

restless leg syndrome -- unpleasant sensations lead to urge to move them (maintain normal iron levels)

Question 37

PLMD

Answer 37

periodic limb movement disorder: repetitive dorsiflexion of foot and flexion of knee during sleep

Question 38

BEARS for sleep assessment

Answer 38

``` Bedtime Excessive daytime sleepiness Awakenings Regularity and sleep duration Snoring ```

Question 39

*** sensory perception

Answer 39

use of senses to receive information facilitated by the reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 40

perception

Answer 40

how the brain processes information

Question 41

primary sense of newborns and infants

Answer 41

touch (for bonding and nursing)

Question 42

sensory function [increases/decreases] in old age

Answer 42

decreases

Question 43

alarm fatigue

Answer 43

sensory concept of adaption: not recognizing an alarm when it rings for the hundredth time in an hour

Question 44

which sense(s) does it disrupt: alcohol

Answer 44

touch (peripheral neuropathy with chronic overuse)

Question 45

which sense(s) does it disrupt: smoking

Answer 45

taste and smell

Question 46

which sense(s) does it disrupt: cocaine

Answer 46

smell

Question 47

which sense(s) does it disrupt: diabetes

Answer 47

vision and touch

Question 48

which sense(s) does it disrupt: medications

Answer 48

hearing, sedatives dull all senses

Question 49

overload or deprivation: insomnia

Answer 49

overload

Question 50

hallucination

Answer 50

altered sense

Question 51

delusion

Answer 51

altered thoughts

Question 52

match the test with the sense: Snellen

Answer 52

vision

Question 53

match the test with the sense: Weber and Rinne

Answer 53

hearing

Question 54

match the test with the sense: wisp of cotton

Answer 54

touch

Question 55

match the test with the sense: two pins

Answer 55

touch

Question 56

match the test with the sense: differentiate three smells

Answer 56

smell

Question 57

match the test with the sense: differentiate three tastes

Answer 57

taste

Question 58

glasses, large print, color coding

Answer 58

vision sensory aids

Question 59

hearing aid, speak facing patient, amplify home sounds

Answer 59

sound sensory aid

Question 60

fresh food, minimize noxious stimuli

Answer 60

smell sensory aid

Question 61

regular timing of meals, proper temperature of food, fresh foods

Answer 61

taste sensory aid

Question 62

hair brushing, turning, massage, clothing

Answer 62

touch sensory aid

Question 63

which side do you stand on to assist a visually impaired person with ambulation

Answer 63

nondominant

Question 64

what will a visually impaired person do with their nondominant hand

Answer 64

grab your arm (so they have choices on when to release)