Nutrition Flashcards
Which macronutrient?
- provides energy
- one form promotes peristalsis
- synthesis of vitamin K and vitamin B12
carbohydrates
normal fasting blood glucose fasting
60 to 80 mg/dL
normal blood glucose 2 hours after a meal
140 to 180 mg/dL
Which macronutrient?
- Iron: hemoglobin
- Hormone: insulin
- Protein: albumin
Protein: albumin
Which macronutrient?
- growth
- energy
- regulation of bodily functions
- replacement of cellular proteins
protein
Something to screen for in urine related to protein
nitrogen
protein balance when new tissue synthesized such as in athletic training
positive
protein balance with immobility or wounds
negative
Nitrogen excretion exceeds the intake.
fat type in fish and vegetable sources
unsaturated
fat type in meats and butter
saturated
vitamin with deficiency that causes night or total blindness keratinization follicular hyperkeratosis xeropthalmia inadequate tooth and bone development
vitamin A
vitamin with these functions:
- normal vision in dim lights
- healthy epithelium
- skeletal and tooth development
- cellular proliferation
vitamin A
vitamin with these functions:
- absorption of calcium
- moving calcium and phosphorus from bone
vitamin D
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- rickets in children
- poor dental health
- tetany
- osteomalacia
vitamin D
vitamin with these functions
- antioxidant
- protects vitamin A from oxidation
vitamin E
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- increased hemolysis of red blood cells
- poor reflexes
- anemia
vitamin E
vitamin with these functions:
- formation of prothrombin and other clotting factors
vitamin K
vitamin whose deficiency causes increased chance of bleeding
vitamin K
vitamin with these function:
- healthy nerve functioning
- normal appetite and digestion
Thiamine (B1)
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- Beriberi (heart and muscle problems)
- apathy, fatigue, constipation, cardiac failure, neuritis
Thiamine (B1)
vitamin with these functions:
- tissue regeneration, glycogen metabolism
Niacin (B3)
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- Pellagra: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, death
Niacin (B3)
The 3 Ds of B3 are dermatitis dementia diarrhea. Death is just a bonus…
vitamin with these functions:
- protein and carbohydrate metabolism
Riboflavin (B2)
vitamin whose deficiency causes: cheilosis, vision irregularities
Riboflavin (B2)
vitamin whose functions include:
- protein metabolism, cell growth, red blood cell formation
Folic acid (B9)
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- glossitis
- diarrhea
- macrocytic anemia
- birth defects
Folic acid (B9)
vitamin whose functions include:
- formation of mature red blood cells
- synthesis of RNA and DNA
- requires intrinsic factor for absorption
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- pernicious anemia
- neurological deterioriation
- peripheral neuropathy
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
** Which two B vitamins have impaired absorption with chronic alcohol use?
Thiamine (B1) and folic acid (B9)
vitamin whose functions include:
- protection against infection
- adequate wound healing
- collagen formation
- iron absorption
- metabolism of amino acids
vitamin C
vitamin whose deficiency causes:
- poor wound healing
- susceptibility to infections
- scurvy
vitamin C
mineral whose functions include:
- converts prothrombin to thrombin
- nerve impulse transmission
- regulation of materials in and out of the cell
- contraction and relaxation of (esp. cardiac) muscles
calcium
mineral whose deficiency causes Rickets and osteoporosis
calcium (note: Rickets is really a vitamin D deficiency which operates partially through making it harder for the body to utilize calcium)
mineral function: hemoglobin
iron
mineral deficiency causes: anemia, fatigue, lethargy, poor resistance to infection
iron
mineral function: maintains fluid and acid-base balance
sodium