Urinary and Renal Embryology: Wilson: Video

Question 1

What mesoderm gives rise to GU?

Answer 1

Intermediate

Question 2

What does the intermediate mesoderm become?

Answer 2

Urogenital ridge

Question 3

What part of the urogenital ridge do the gonads derive from?

Answer 3

Medial and central part of UG ridge

Question 4

What is the first sign of the kidney? When?

Answer 4

Pronephros: First few days of the forth week. No filtration occurs.

Question 5

What is the first kidney that functions?

Answer 5

Mesonephros

Question 6

What are the two components of the mesonephros?

Answer 6

Nephron

Mesonephric duct

Question 7

How long does the mesonephros function?

Answer 7

5th to 9th week, actually filters blood and excretes

Question 8

What is the final kidney that remains in body?

Answer 8

Metanephros: begins to function in 2nd trimester

Question 9

What is another name for the mesonephric duct?

Answer 9

Woffian Duct: becomes gonads

Question 10

When does final kidney develop?

Answer 10

8th or 9th week, begining of the second trimester

Question 11

What remains of the mesonephros?

Answer 11

Mesonephric duct (nephron subsides)

Question 12

What fuses to make the metanephros?

Answer 12

Uteric bud

Metanephric blastema

Question 13

What is the most common newborn defect of kidney?

Answer 13

Renal Agenesis:
Absence of kidney on one side
Due to lack of fusion of uteric bud and metanephric blastema

Question 14

What does the uteric bud form?

Answer 14

Drainage system:
Collecting tubules
Calyces
Pelvis
Ureter

Question 15

What is the most common abnormality of the uteric bud?

Answer 15

1. Double ureter
2. Bifrucated ureter
3. Ectopic ureter

Question 16

What is the most concerning uteric bud abnormality? Female? Male?

Answer 16

Ectopic ureter: INCONTINENCE
Female:
   Into vagina 
   Into urethra
   Into vestibule
Male:
   Into prostate
   Into neck of bladder

Question 17

What does the metanephic blastema form?

Answer 17

Nephron

Question 18

What are the most common renal developmental abnormalities?

Answer 18

Unilateral renal agenesis
Unilateral hypoplastic kidney
Super numary kidneys
Polycystic kidney disease

Question 19

What happens in gonenital polycystic kidney disease?

Answer 19

instead of forming collecting ducts, forms cysts

Question 20

What is most threatening kidney disease?

Answer 20

Polycystic kidney disease:
progressive cysts of collecting ducts
Renal failure early after birth

Also, BILATERAL agenesis

Question 21

What happens in bilateral renal a genesis?

Answer 21

Potter phenotype: uterus compresses fetus

Question 22

What is potter phenotype?

Answer 22

Oligohydramnios: low amniotic fluid
Facial deformities: Flat face/ears
Club hand
Hypoplastic lung (bilateral, compressed)

Question 23

What is the main cause of OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS?

Answer 23

Bilateral renal agenesis

Question 24

What is the position changes of the kidneys?

Answer 24

Pelvis up to to L3/L4:

lower part of the trunk goes down as kidneys stay at the same place…

Question 25

What is the most common positional defect of the kidney?

Answer 25

Pelvic kidney, ok unless ureter gets twisted

Question 26

What happens when kidney stays in pelvis and poles fuse?

Answer 26

Horseshoe kidney

Question 27

Where do horseshoe kidneys hook under?

Answer 27

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 28

What is the UG sinus connected to?

Answer 28

Allantois

Question 29

What is the cloaca?

Answer 29

hindgut

Question 30

What does the Urinary bladder form from?

Answer 30

Cloaca (hindgut)

Question 31

What does the UG sinus form?

Answer 31

Bladder
Urethra
Prostate gland
Lower vagina

Question 32

What is the cloace divided into? By what?

Answer 32

Urorectal septum divides cloaca into:
Anorectal canal
UG sinus

Question 33

What does the UG sinus form in both sexes?

Answer 33

Bladder
Urethra
males: prostate
females: lower vagina

Question 34

The mesonephric duct becomes what and loops over what?

Answer 34

Vas Deferens (drains into urethra)
Loops over ureter