Maternal and Infant Mortality: Young Flashcards
What are the stats for maternal mortality?
250-343k deaths worldwide a year
99% in economically disadvantaged countries (1/11 in sub saharan africa)
Linear association with illiteracy rate, education, poverty
Morbidity is 20x mortality
TEST: What factor correlates most with rates of maternal death?
Skilled birth attendant (someone who is trained!)
What is maternal mortality?
Death associated to pregnancy
What is the MM ratio? Rate?
Ratio= # deaths/100k live births in a year Rate= # deaths/#women of reproductive age
What is the leading country for maternal risk in world?
Chad
Zimbabwe
S. africa
Philipines
Why is US where it is in world ranking?
MMR reflects healthcare system
Gaps in women’s health
Sources of societal losses
How many maternal deaths in US are preventable?
half… maybe more like 25%
What are main causes of maternal death?
HTN Infx PE Amniotic fluid embolism Hemorrhage Heart disease
What has improved?
Ectopic pregancy- we have fixed mortality due to this
TEST: What are two major causes of ectopic pregnancy?
- damage to cilia
2. Clamped tube… has to stop there. “blind pouch”
What happened in 1935 that dropped maternal mortality from 1000+/100k to lower now?
Blood transfusions now posible
Hospitals: more people delivered in hospital
Antibiotics? no… more blood
What are speculations about recent rise?
obesity immigrantion increased CS IVF: twins high unintended pregnancy rates in US, not optimal controle of medical conditions pre pregnancy Domestic abuse rates
What percent of women on birth control pill will have pregnancy in TEN years? (user error included)
30%… if you took it right it would be 1%… but peole dont
What is the racial disparity?
AA: white is 4:1
Education and income
What improves MMR?
Protocols: hemorrhage and infections
Eduation
Reduce patient errors
