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Reproductive > Genital Embryology: Wilson: Video > Flashcards

Genital Embryology: Wilson: Video Flashcards

1
Q

When do renal and genital systems deviate in development?

A

At the urogenital ridge: middle part is gonads

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2
Q

What has to move into the gonad to make sperm and ova?

A

Primordial germ cells: become gametes

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3
Q

Where do the primordial germ cells that eventually become gametes come from originally?

A

Yolk sac (extraembryonic mesoderm)

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4
Q

What cells do not come from the three classic germ layers that form at gastrulation?

A

Priordial germ cells from yolk sac

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5
Q

Where do primordial germ cells land when they come in from the yolk sac?

A

Line the posterior allantois

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6
Q

When do primordial germ cells leave the yolk sac?

A

4th or 5th week

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7
Q

What is the only cell to undergo meiosis?

A

Gametes from primordial germ cells

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8
Q

When are primordial germ cells fully populated in the gonad?

A

6th week

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9
Q

What happens to the MALE primordial germ cells when they reach the gonad?

A

They go dormant. No meiosis at all until PUBERTY… 12 whole years of napping until endocrine system wakes it up.

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10
Q

What happens to the FEMALE primordial germ cells when they reach the gonad?

A

They immediately go into MEIOSIS 1 to become gametes.

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11
Q

How are gonads classified in the 4th-7th week?

A

Indifferent gonad… indistinguishable between sexes

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12
Q

What 3 things are in an indifferent gonad?

A
  1. Primordial germ cells from yolk sac
  2. Sex cords of connective tissue
    male: seminiferous tubules
    female: primordial follicles
  3. Two Duct Systems:
    male: Mesonephric/woffian–>genitals
    females: Paramesonephric/mullerian–>genitals
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13
Q

What does the woffian duct become?

A

Male genitals: epidydimus, vas deferens, seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

What does the mullerian duct become?

A

Female genitals

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15
Q

What is another name for the woffian duct?

A

Mesonephric duct (male)

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16
Q

What is another name for the mulerian duct?

A

Paramesonephric duct (female)

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17
Q

What do the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct come from?

A

Woffian duct (Mesonephric)

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18
Q

What do the oviduct, uterus, upper vagina come from?

A

Mullerian duct (Paramesonephric)

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19
Q

Why is it harder to make a testes than an ovary?

A

Testes need 4 events:

  1. Testes determining factor (TDF) from SRY of Y chromosome
  2. Testosterone from Leydig cells/LH
  3. Mullerian Inhibiting Factor from Sertoli cells
  4. DHT from external genitalia from 5 a redutase
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20
Q

Sumary testes development?

A
  1. TDF from SRY of Y crx
  2. T from Leydig
  3. MIF from sertoli
  4. DHT from external 5 a reductase
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21
Q

When does the testes develop?

A

8th week

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22
Q

Do you have more male or female genitalia errors?

A

Male… more complicated

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23
Q

Low DHT causes what?

A

Microgenitalia: no external penis/scrotum growth

Due to low 5a reductase

24
Q

What if you have low MIF?

A

Male with female vagina +/- uterus

25
How do ovaries develop?
No Y crx, no TDF 1. breakdown of woofian/mesonephric 2. breakdown of cords 3. primordial follicle growth
26
What do female gonads have instead of seminiferous tubules?
Primordial follicles
27
What is the male remnant of the mullein duct?
Blind sac utricus prostaticus on backside of prostate
28
What drives female external development?
Estrogens
29
What is the upper vagina derived from?
Mullerian paramesoderm
30
What does the lower vagina derive from?
Urogenital sinus
31
What two derivations form the vagina?
UG sinus: lower (endoderm) | Mullerian: upper (mesoderm)
32
What is the remnant of the woofian/mesonephric duct?
Epoopheron Paraoopheron In the broad ligament (can get infected) Garner's cyst: in vaginal wall
33
What is a garner's cyst?
Woofian/mesonephric reminanat in vaginal wall that makes a cyst
34
What is the most common mullerian/paramesonephric error?
Bicornate uterus
35
What are the three components of the indifferent stage of external genitalia?
1. Genital tubercal 2. Urethral groove 3. Genital swelling
36
What forms the scrotum?
Genital swelling movement from lateral to fuse in middle
37
What forms the glans and most of the shaft of the penis?
The genital tubercle
38
What forms the ventral shaft of the penis?
Fusion of genital folds
39
Summary of male external genitalia development?
Shaft/Glans=tubercal Ventral shaft=folds scrotum=swelling
40
Summary of female genitalia?
Clitoris=tubercle Labia minora=folds Labia majora=swelling
41
What is the most common male genital defect?
Hypospadias | Failure of genital folds to close
42
What is another failing of fusion that is more concerning in the male?
Epispadias: Can have extrosphy of bladder
43
What time do testes and ovary descend?
Third trimester
44
Where does testes travel?
Through and out inguinal canal
45
What goes in front of testes as it travels?
``` Gubernaculum Processus vaginalis (parietal peritoneum) ```
46
What is the GPS system of the testes?
Gubernaculum
47
When is peritoneum open to scrotum, when does it close?
7th: open through processes vaginalis | 8th and 9th: closes
48
What is the piece of peritoneum retained in testes in scrotum?
Tunica vaginalis
49
What is the difference between tunica vaginalis and processes vaginalis?
Tunica: post descent Processus: Pre descent
50
What is the function of the tunica vaginalis?
Prevent friction
51
EXAM: What happens if processes vaginalis stays patent?
Indirect hernia into scrotum
52
EXAM: What happens if fluid collects in scrotum?
Adult: hydrocele. Fluid filled: transmits light. Vein fluid (vericocoel) will not transmit light
53
What is the most common cause of female intersexuality?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 and 11) causes excess androgens to be formed that masculinize external genitalia
54
What are the most common causes of male intersexuality?
MIF deficiency 5 a reductase deficiency Microgenitalia/low DHT
55
What is a male that looks fully female on the outside?
Androgen insensitivity syndrome/Testicular feminization syndrome Testes in labia majora No receptors to respond to normal androgen levels

Reproductive (31 decks)

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