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Reproductive > Genital Embryology: Wilson: Video > Flashcards

Genital Embryology: Wilson: Video Flashcards

1
Q

When do renal and genital systems deviate in development?

A

At the urogenital ridge: middle part is gonads

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2
Q

What has to move into the gonad to make sperm and ova?

A

Primordial germ cells: become gametes

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3
Q

Where do the primordial germ cells that eventually become gametes come from originally?

A

Yolk sac (extraembryonic mesoderm)

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4
Q

What cells do not come from the three classic germ layers that form at gastrulation?

A

Priordial germ cells from yolk sac

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5
Q

Where do primordial germ cells land when they come in from the yolk sac?

A

Line the posterior allantois

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6
Q

When do primordial germ cells leave the yolk sac?

A

4th or 5th week

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7
Q

What is the only cell to undergo meiosis?

A

Gametes from primordial germ cells

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8
Q

When are primordial germ cells fully populated in the gonad?

A

6th week

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9
Q

What happens to the MALE primordial germ cells when they reach the gonad?

A

They go dormant. No meiosis at all until PUBERTY… 12 whole years of napping until endocrine system wakes it up.

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10
Q

What happens to the FEMALE primordial germ cells when they reach the gonad?

A

They immediately go into MEIOSIS 1 to become gametes.

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11
Q

How are gonads classified in the 4th-7th week?

A

Indifferent gonad… indistinguishable between sexes

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12
Q

What 3 things are in an indifferent gonad?

A
  1. Primordial germ cells from yolk sac
  2. Sex cords of connective tissue
    male: seminiferous tubules
    female: primordial follicles
  3. Two Duct Systems:
    male: Mesonephric/woffian–>genitals
    females: Paramesonephric/mullerian–>genitals
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13
Q

What does the woffian duct become?

A

Male genitals: epidydimus, vas deferens, seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

What does the mullerian duct become?

A

Female genitals

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15
Q

What is another name for the woffian duct?

A

Mesonephric duct (male)

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16
Q

What is another name for the mulerian duct?

A

Paramesonephric duct (female)

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17
Q

What do the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct come from?

A

Woffian duct (Mesonephric)

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18
Q

What do the oviduct, uterus, upper vagina come from?

A

Mullerian duct (Paramesonephric)

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19
Q

Why is it harder to make a testes than an ovary?

A

Testes need 4 events:

  1. Testes determining factor (TDF) from SRY of Y chromosome
  2. Testosterone from Leydig cells/LH
  3. Mullerian Inhibiting Factor from Sertoli cells
  4. DHT from external genitalia from 5 a redutase
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20
Q

Sumary testes development?

A
  1. TDF from SRY of Y crx
  2. T from Leydig
  3. MIF from sertoli
  4. DHT from external 5 a reductase
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21
Q

When does the testes develop?

A

8th week

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22
Q

Do you have more male or female genitalia errors?

A

Male… more complicated

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23
Q

Low DHT causes what?

A

Microgenitalia: no external penis/scrotum growth

Due to low 5a reductase

24
Q

What if you have low MIF?

A

Male with female vagina +/- uterus

25
Q

How do ovaries develop?

A

No Y crx, no TDF

  1. breakdown of woofian/mesonephric
  2. breakdown of cords
  3. primordial follicle growth
26
Q

What do female gonads have instead of seminiferous tubules?

A

Primordial follicles

27
Q

What is the male remnant of the mullein duct?

A

Blind sac utricus prostaticus on backside of prostate

28
Q

What drives female external development?

A

Estrogens

29
Q

What is the upper vagina derived from?

A

Mullerian paramesoderm

30
Q

What does the lower vagina derive from?

A

Urogenital sinus

31
Q

What two derivations form the vagina?

A

UG sinus: lower (endoderm)

Mullerian: upper (mesoderm)

32
Q

What is the remnant of the woofian/mesonephric duct?

A

Epoopheron
Paraoopheron
In the broad ligament (can get infected)
Garner’s cyst: in vaginal wall

33
Q

What is a garner’s cyst?

A

Woofian/mesonephric reminanat in vaginal wall that makes a cyst

34
Q

What is the most common mullerian/paramesonephric error?

A

Bicornate uterus

35
Q

What are the three components of the indifferent stage of external genitalia?

A
  1. Genital tubercal
  2. Urethral groove
  3. Genital swelling
36
Q

What forms the scrotum?

A

Genital swelling movement from lateral to fuse in middle

37
Q

What forms the glans and most of the shaft of the penis?

A

The genital tubercle

38
Q

What forms the ventral shaft of the penis?

A

Fusion of genital folds

39
Q

Summary of male external genitalia development?

A

Shaft/Glans=tubercal
Ventral shaft=folds
scrotum=swelling

40
Q

Summary of female genitalia?

A

Clitoris=tubercle
Labia minora=folds
Labia majora=swelling

41
Q

What is the most common male genital defect?

A

Hypospadias

Failure of genital folds to close

42
Q

What is another failing of fusion that is more concerning in the male?

A

Epispadias: Can have extrosphy of bladder

43
Q

What time do testes and ovary descend?

A

Third trimester

44
Q

Where does testes travel?

A

Through and out inguinal canal

45
Q

What goes in front of testes as it travels?

A 
Gubernaculum
Processus vaginalis (parietal peritoneum)
46
Q

What is the GPS system of the testes?

A

Gubernaculum

47
Q

When is peritoneum open to scrotum, when does it close?

A

7th: open through processes vaginalis

8th and 9th: closes

48
Q

What is the piece of peritoneum retained in testes in scrotum?

A

Tunica vaginalis

49
Q

What is the difference between tunica vaginalis and processes vaginalis?

A

Tunica: post descent
Processus: Pre descent

50
Q

What is the function of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Prevent friction

51
Q

EXAM: What happens if processes vaginalis stays patent?

A

Indirect hernia into scrotum

52
Q

EXAM: What happens if fluid collects in scrotum?

A

Adult: hydrocele.
Fluid filled: transmits light.
Vein fluid (vericocoel) will not transmit light

53
Q

What is the most common cause of female intersexuality?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 and 11) causes excess androgens to be formed that masculinize external genitalia

54
Q

What are the most common causes of male intersexuality?

A

MIF deficiency
5 a reductase deficiency
Microgenitalia/low DHT

55
Q

What is a male that looks fully female on the outside?

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome/Testicular feminization syndrome
Testes in labia majora
No receptors to respond to normal androgen levels

Reproductive (31 decks)

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