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Reproductive > Embryology: Detti: Female pelvic anatomy and mullerian anomalies > Flashcards

Embryology: Detti: Female pelvic anatomy and mullerian anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A 
Umbilical
Superior vesicular
Inferior vesicular
Obturator
Pudendal
Uterine
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2
Q

What is the first branch of the interior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

Umbilical

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3
Q

What does the uterine artery divide into?

A

Descending: vaginal
Ascending: uteral

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4
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

Superior rectal
Inferior rectal
…?

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5
Q

What is the connection between the superior 2/3 and inferior 1/3 of the vagina called?

A

Hymen (hymenal wing)

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6
Q

What is the division point between the UG sinus and the Mullerian mesodermal tissues?

A

Hymen

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7
Q

What direction does canalization of female tract occur?

A

Caudal to cephal (Backwards)

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8
Q

What happens if canalization does not occur?

A

Vaginal septum

Cervical septum

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9
Q

When is canalization complete?

A

20 weeks

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10
Q

What promotes woofian duct?

A

Androgens: T and DHT
TDF
MIF

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11
Q

What are other names for MIF?

A

AMH: anti-mullerian hormone
MIS: mullerian inhibiting substance

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12
Q

EXAM: What is used to inflate the body cavity in laparoscopy?

A

CO2

NOT air… this could cause embolism

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13
Q

What is another name for the suspensory ligaments of the ovary?

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

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14
Q

The right side ovarian artery comes from what? Left side?

A

Right: renal artery
Left: Aorta

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15
Q

The right side ovarian vein drains to where? Left side?

A

Right: Inferior vena cava
Left: renal vein

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16
Q

What does falciform ligament contain in embryo?

A

Umbilical vein (which has oxygenated blood)

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17
Q

What does the umbilical vein become? Umbilical artery?

A

Vein: falciform ligament of liver
Artery: suspensory ligament of bladder

18
Q

Umbilical hernias are more common in what sex?

A

Females

19
Q

What is the most severe form of chlamydia infections?

A

Adhesions from liver to diaphragm: Kears-Sarne?

20
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrium that develops outside of uterus… rusty color all over pelvic organs

21
Q

What collects in abdomen with endometriosis?

A

Blood… becomes adhesions. Follows mentrual cycle.

22
Q

EXAM: All mullerian anomalies occur before what week of embryonic life?

A

20 wks.

23
Q

What are the seven types of mullein anomaly classes?

A
  1. Hypoplasia/agenesis (nothing)
  2. Unicornate (one duct.. two vaginas possible)
  3. Diphelus
  4. Bicornate
  5. Septate
  6. Arcuate
  7. DES drug related
24
Q

If you have complete a genesis, where will vagina stop?

A

Hymen

25
Q

Do mullerian anomalies come from genetic karyotypes?

A

No… multifactorial

26
Q

TEST: Which direction does cavitaiton occur, and why is this important to bicornate uterus?

A

Cavitation goes from vagina to uterus.

Bicornate has normal lower uterus, bicornate upper uterus. Bicornate has normal vagina and cervix.

27
Q

TEST: What does the outer contour of the bicornate uterus follow?

A

The inner contour

28
Q

TEST: What is the outer appearance difference between the bicornate and septate uterus?

A

Bicornate: looks like two horns
Septate: looks COMPLETELY normal: One cavity, with a septum, outer contour does not follow inner contour.

29
Q

What is the definition of a septate uterus?

A

Septa >7mm or longer.

Normal outer appearance

30
Q

What does DES (synthetic estogren used for morning sickness) do to the uterus?

A

Vaginal bleeding drug in US
Morning sickness in england
Uterus is unable to stretch to accommodate child

31
Q

What is MRKH?

A

No uterus or tubes
Blind end vagina
BUT normal ovaries that make estrogen. Normal looking woman.

32
Q

What is AI?

A

Androgen insensitivity:
No receptors for androgen
XY genotype, female phenotype

33
Q

What do you worry about in long term AI?

A

Testicular cancer

34
Q

When we see a genesis of tubes/uterus, what do we need to check for?

A

Karyotype: AI XY women will have higher risk of testicular cancer

35
Q

What allows AI to go through puberty?

A

Conversion of androgens to estrogens.

36
Q

What do you do to AI person’s testicles?

A

Take them out after puberty. Cancer risk.

37
Q

The bicornate uterus has an increase in what?

A

Preterm delivery, not much infertility

38
Q

The septate uterus has and increase in what?

A

Infertility

Early pregnancy loss/miscarriage

39
Q

How do you differentiate bicornaute and septate uterus?

A

Bicorn: Heart shaped, more than 1 cm deep furrow
Septate: less than 1 cm furrow, greater than 7-10cm septa

40
Q

What do you use to inflate the uterus in hysteroscopy?

A

Saline

Reproductive (31 decks)

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