Urinary and Cardio Flashcards
purpose of urinary system
regulates electrolytes, stimulates RBCs, controls blood pressure
filter waste products from the blood, reabsorb water and nutrients, secrete excess in the form of urine
nephron
tuft of capillaries that sustains higher blood pressure and filtrates blood into the bowmans capsule
glomerulus
which part of the kidney regulates electrolyte balance
loop of henle
when blood pH is higher than 7.45 it is considered
alkaline
secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, and aldosterone secreted by the adrenal glands regulate this process
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
substance produced by the kidneys that stimulates the rate of production of RBCs
erythroprotein
an enzyme that acts with a plasma protein to produce angiotensin
renin
as BP increases, renin increases thus more ____ is caused
angiotensin
what is it called when someone only has one kidney
solitary kidney
what is it called when someone has a 3rd kidney
supernumerary kidney
a miniature replica of a normal kidney with normal function
hypoplastic kidney
when one kidney is forced to do the work of 2
compensatory hypertrophy
abnormally positioned kidney either in pelvis or above diaphragm
ectopic kidney
anomaly fusion where both kidneys are malrotated and their lower poles are joined by a band of normal parenchyma
horseshoe kidney
lies on the same side as a normal kidney and often fused with anomoly
crossed ectopia
produces a singular mass with no resemblance to a normal kidney
complete fusion
malformation that varies from a simple bifid pelvis to a completed double pelvis, ureter, uretervesical orifice
duplication
cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the bladder, usually with stenosis of orifice prolapsing ureter into the bladder
ureterocele
transverse membranes causing bladder outlet obstruction lead to severe hydronephrosis and renal damage
proterior urethral valves
inflammatory process involving the tufts of capillaries that filter blood within the kidney
glomerulonephritis
when does glomerulonephritis usually occur after
weeks after URI, middle ear infection from streptococci
inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis caused by a pyogenic bacteria, affects interstitial tissue between tubules
pyelonephritis
occurs in diabetic patients and causes acute necrosis of kidney
emphysemateus pyelonephritis