Skeletal System Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
bone consists of:
A
organic matrix with inorganic salts primarily calcium and phosphorous
2
Q
outer fibrous membrane of bone containing a network of blood vessels transporting nutrients
A
periosteum
3
Q
main shaft-like portion of bone
A
diaphysis
4
Q
ends of bone
A
epiphysis
5
Q
hollow, tube like structure within the diaphysis that holds marrow
A
medullary cavity
6
Q
inner membrane of the bone
A
endosteum
7
Q
bone consits of 2 highly specialized connective tissues:
A
bone and cartilage
8
Q
dense bone within the haversian system
A
compact bone
9
Q
name some compact bones
A
femur, tibia, carpal and tarsal bones
10
Q
spongy web like arrangement of marrow filled spaces separated by trabeculae
A
cancellous bone
11
Q
name some cancellous bones
A
facial bones, vertebral bodies
12
Q
what type of cartilage is bone composed of
A
hyaline cartilage
13
Q
purpose of osteoclasts
A
enlarge the medullary cavity
14
Q
purpose of osteoblasts
A
form new bone on periosteum
15
Q
bones that grow in size by the addition of osseous tissue to their outer surfaces
A
flat bones
16
Q
at what age do bones begin to thin out
A
40
17
Q
numbness in the upper extremities could be caused by which bone disorder
A
transitional vertebrae
18
Q
transverse processes forming joints with the sacrum, leads to degenerative change in opposite hip
A
transitional vertebrae
19
Q
posterior defect resulting in failure of the posterior elements to fuse properly
A
spina bifida
20
Q
“marble bone” bone dysplasia resulting from a failure of resorption mechanism of calcified cartilage (increase in bone density)
A
osteopetrosis
21
Q
insufficient mineralization of adult skeleton, resulting from excessive osteoid formation
A
osteomalacia
22
Q
systemic infant disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin D or lack of exposure to sunlight
A
Rickets
23
Q
increased levels of uric acid leading to a deposition of uric acid crystals in joints, cartilage, and kidneys cause by a malfunction of purine metabolism
A
Gout
24
Q
bone disease categorized by “rat bite” sign
A
Gout
25
destruction of bone followed by a reparative process resulting in weakened, deformed and thickened bony structures
Paget's Disease
26
bone disease categorized by mottled appearance or "cotton ball effect"
Paget's Disease
27
benign projection of bone with a cartilaginous cap that arises in teen / childhood years
Osteochondroma
28
slow growing benign cartilaginous tumor arising in the medullary canal
enchondroma
29
tumor that arises at the distal end of the femur or proximal tibia of young adults after epiphyseal closure
giant cell tumor
30
tumor that often arises in the outer table of the skull, paranasal sinuses, and the mandible
osteoma
31
small round tumor surrounded by a large area of sclerotic tissue and cortical thickening, usually in femur or tibia
osteoid osteoma
32
fluid filled cyst with a wall of fibrous tissue
simple bone cyst
33
blood filled arteriovenous communications usually occurring in long bones
aneurysmal bone cyst
34
solitary, sharply demarcated areas of dense compact bone that occur most commonly in pelvis and upper femur
bone islands
35
appears as a mixed destructive and sclerotic lesion associated with a soft tissue mass, irregular periosteal reaction and classic "sunburst" pattern
Osteogenic sarcoma
36
often originates from cartilage or preexisting cartilaginous lesion, appears as granular calcifications within a mass
Chondrosarcoma
37
ill-defined areas of bone destruction that involves central portion of the shaft and associated with periosteal reaction parallel to the shaft
Ewing's Sarcoma
38
widespread malignancy of plasma cells associated with bone destruction, appears as punched out osteolytic lesions scattered throughout the skeletal system
multiple myeloma
39
most common malignant bone tumors spreading by means of blood stream or lymphatic vessels or by direct extension
bone metastases
40
chronic systemic inflammatory disease of small joints of the hands and feet
rheumatoid arthritis
41
rheumatoid arthritis beginning in the SI joints, causing bilateral and symmetric involvement - progresses to L spine upward limiting movement
ankylosing spondylitis
42
post infectious arthritis after venereal or GI infections, involves SI joints, heel and toes
Reiter's Syndrome
43
occurs in patients with psoriasis, affects distal interphalangeal joints of hands and feet producing asymmetrical destruction
Psoriatic arthritis
44
narrowing of joint spaced caused by thinning of articular cartilage and development of bone spurs
osteoarthritis
45
pyogenic organisms invade bone tissue usually after surgery or trauma, appears as widening of joint space from fluid and rapid destruction of articular cartilage
infectious arthritis
46
arthritis categorized by erosion of margins of articular ends
tuberculous arthritis
47
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by an infectious organism introduced during surgery or trauma
bacterial osteomyelitis
48
characterized by poorly marginated destruction within vertebral body often associated with paravertebral abscesses
tuberculous osteomyelitis
49
most common skeletal abnormality - disruption of bone caused by mechanical forces applied directly to the bone
fractures
50
fracture with discontinuity between two or more fragments
complete fracture
51
fracture that causes only partial discontinuity with a portion of the cortex intact
incomplete fracture
52
fracture where overlying skin is in tact
closed fracture
53
fracture where overlying skin is ruptured
open / compound fracture
54
fracture runs at a 90 degree angle - direct blow
transverse fracture
55
fracture runs 45 degrees to long axis - compression forces
oblique fracture
56
fracture encircles the shaft - twisting motion
spiral fracture
57
fracture with small fragments torn off from bony prominences - tension forces
avulsion fracture
58
fracture with more than 2 fragments
comminuted fracture
59
fracture consists of a segment of the shaft isolated by proximal and distal fracture lines
segmented fracture
60
fracture with compaction of bone trabeculae, common in vertebral bodies and humeral and femoral heads
compression fracture
61
fracture of the skull or tibial plateau where fragments are drawn inward
depressed fracture
62
fracture caused by repeated injury - osteoclastic resorption followed by periosteal callus
stress or fatigue fracture
63
bone fracture as a result of tumor, infection, or metabolic bone disease
pathologic fracture
64
incomplete fracture of soft cancellous bone
greenstick fracture
65
fracture without separation
undisplaced
66
fracture with separation of bone fragments
displaced
67
displacement of bone so that it is not in contact with its normal articular surface
dislocation
68
fracture of partial dislocation
subluxation
69
overall goal of reduction
restore function and stability
70
fracture treatment manipulation of the affected area without surgical incision
closed reduction
71
fracture treatment surgical repair; manipulation or insertion of hardware devices
open reduction
72
fracture treatment immobilization with casts or splints
external fixation
73
fracture treatment use of metal plates, rods or screws
internal fixation
74
faulty healing of fracture; impairment of normal function
malunion
75
takes longer than usual for a fracture to heal is called
delayed union
76
fracture healing process has stopped and the fragments remain ununited
non-union
77
transverse fracture through distal radius with posterior angulation with an avulsion fracture of ulnar styloid
Colles
78
transverse fracture at the center of bone from thumb pulling
scaphoid fracture
79
transverse fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpal with palmar angulation
Boxer's
80
sign of elbow fracture is the displacement of normal fat pad
radial head fracture
81
isolated fracture of the shaft of the ulna associated with anterior dislocation of the radius at the elbow
Monteggia
82
combination fracture of the shaft of the radius and posterior dislocation of the ulna at the wqrist
Galeazzi
83
involves both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint (injury side is transverse fracture and opposing is spiral)
Pott's
84
involves posterior lip of tibia in addition to medial and lateral malleoli
Trimalleolar
85
transverse fracture of the 5th metatarsal; an avulsion injury by stepping off curb or step
Jones' fracture
86
95% are anterior dislocations resulting from external rotation and abduction
shoulder dislocation
87
spinal fracture / dislocation where the anterior and posterior columns remain intact
stable
88
spinal fracture / dislocation where the anterior and posterior columns are disrupted
unstable
89
comminuted fracture of the ring of the atlas and involves both anterior and posterior arches causing displacement of the fragments
Jefferson fracture
90
usually transverse and located at the base of the dens at its junction with its body
Odontoid fracture
91
result of acute hyperextension of the head, fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the interior facet
Hangman's fracture
92
avulsion fracture of a spinous process in the lower or upper thoracic - AP will show double spinous process shadow
Clay Shoveler's fracture
93
anterior wedging or depression of superior end plate of vertebral bodies
compression fracture
94
transverse fracture of a lumbar vertebrae associated with visceral injuries
seat belt fracture
95
childhood disorder characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue within the medullary cavity
fibrous dysplasia
96
cleft in the pars interarticularis that is situated between the superior and inferior articular processes
spondylolysis
97
first degree spondylolisthesis
displacement of L5 to 1/4 of sacrum
98
second degree spondylolisthesis
displacement of L5 to half of sacrum
99
third degree spondylolisthesis
displacement of L5 to 3/4 of sacrum
