Hematopoietic System Flashcards
bodily system of organs and tissues, primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood
hematopoietic system
brings oxygen, nutrients, salts and hormones to cells and carries away waste products of cellular metabolism
purpose of hematopoietic system
what is the body’s major defense system against infections, toxins, and foreign antigens
hematopoietic system
primary blood forming organs
red bone marrow and lymph nodes
where is red bone marrow found
vertebrae, proximal femurs, anf flat bones such as sternum, ribs, skull, and pelvis
contain hemoglobin, an iron based protein essential for carrying O2 to cells
erythrocytes (RBCs)
how many RBCs in 1 mm^3 of blood
4.5 to 6 million RBCs
how many grams of hemoglobin for males and females
14g female, 15g male
how many leukocytes per 1 mm^3 of blood
5000-10000
defend body against bacteria through phagocytosis
neutrophils
reactt to allergic and parasitic conditions
eosinophils
contain heparin and react to inflammatory conditions
basophils
make up 25-40% of all white blood cells
lymphocytes
phagocytotic and play a role in inflammatory processes
monocytes
blood clotting cells
platelets
how many platelets in 1 mm^3 of blood
150,000-400,000
loss of iron in blood, most common form of anemia that results from blood loss, poor nutrition, ulcers, malignant tumors, intestinal parasites, or menorrhagia
iron deficiency anemia
caused by an underlying condition that shortens the life span of the red blood cell, hemoglobin spills out into the plasma
hemolytic anemia
hemolytic anemia where RBCs rupture easily
spherocytosis
hemolytic anemia where abnormal hemoglobin molecule and RBCs are irregular shaped causing rupture
sickle cell anemia
hemolytic anemia with defective hemoglobin, afflicts persons from Mediterranean heritage
Thalassemia
radiographically the nature of the disease will result in widening of medullary spaces and thinning of cortices, as bone cells are destroyed and reabsorbed new bone grows over area
hemolytic anemia
radiographically vertebral bodies concave as a result of pressure
sickle cell anemia
deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acids leading to defective DNA caused by poor diet, strict vegetarian diet, and alcoholism
megaloblastic anemia
most common form of megaloblastic anemia leading to insufficient secretions of gastric mucosa and malabsorptions of foods
pernicious anemia
generalized failure of bone marrow to produce enough RBCs, leukocytes, and platelets, cannot fight infections and has tendency to bleed
aplastic anemia
infiltration of bone marrow by tumor cells or corticoid thickening, Gaucher’s disease and chronic osteopetrosis
myelophthisic anemia
hyperplasia of bone marrow resulting in increased production of RBCs, granulocytes, and platelets, causes increase in blood volume and viscosity
polycythemia
may cause increased incidences of cerebral thrombis, peptic ulcer disease, and increased acids in the blood causing gout
polycythemia
neoplastic proliferation of WBCs
leukemia
cancer of the bone marrow
myelolytic leukemia
malignancy in the lymph nodes causing a proliferation of lymphicytes
lymphatic leukemia
early radiographic sign in children is transverse radiolucent bands at the metaphyseal ends of long bones, knees, ankles, and wrists
leukemia
neoplasms of the lymphoreticular system: lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphoid tissue of GI tract, lung, and skin
lymphoma
makes up 90% of lymphoma and originates in the lymph nodes
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
viral disease characterized by high fever, fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands where Epstein Barr may be a cause
infectious mononeucleosis
patient may present with enlarged spleen, lymph nodes, hilar node masses, and elevated WBC count with abnormally high count of atypical lymphocytes
infectious mononeucleosis
inherited recessive anticoagulative disorder characterized by decreased serum concentration of globulin, suffer tendency to bleed and spontaneous hemorrhage
hemophilia
radiographically characterized by bleeding into joint spaces (knees, elbows, ankles) and chronically subchronal cysts
hemophilia
deficiency in the number of platelets resulting in spontaneous bleeding under the skin, mucous membranes in the mouth and internal organs
purpura (thrombocytopenia)
radiographically characterized by thickening of the mucosal folds of the small intestines due to chronic hemorrhage
purpura (thrombocytopenia)
