Exam 2 Skeletal, GI, Hepatobiliary Flashcards
which part of a bone contains a network of blood vessels transporting nutrients to inner structure
peristoneum
what type of bone is a spongy web-like arrangement of marrow filled spaces separated by thin processes
cancellous
condition characterized by a posterior defect of the lumbar spine resulting in failure of the posterior elements to fuse properly during development often allowing the spinal cord to protrude outside the body
spina bifida
a rare bone dysplasia resulting from a failure of resorption mechanism of calcified cartilage and often called marble bone
osteopetrosis
congenital disorder that makes the bones very susceptible to fracture as a result of severe osteoporosis
osteogenesis imperfecta
posterior scalloping of vertebral bodies is a common radiographic sign of
achondroplasia vertebrae
generalized or localized deficiency of bone matrix decreasing bone mass per unit volume usually caused by accelerated resorption of bone
osteoporosis
most common cause of osteomalacia
vitamin D dificiency
condition resulting of vitamin defiviency or lack of sunlight
rickets
another name for osteitis deformans, a destruction of bone followed by a reparative process resulting in weakened, deformed and thickened bony structures
Pagets disease
“swiss cheese” is a tell tale sign of which condition
osteoporosis
benign projection of bone with a cartilaginous cap that arises in childhood teen / years and most often at the knee joint
osteochondroma
The Codman’s Triangle is a common tell tale sign for which condition
osteogenic sarcoma
common tumor that arises from bone marrow in children and young adults
ewings sarcoma
form of rheumatoid arthritis that begins in the SI joints causing bilateral and symmetric involvement and moves upward to blur articular margins narrowing joint spaces and fusing the spine
ankylosing spondylosis
arthritic changes resulting in “pencil - like” projections of affected phalanges
psoriatic arthritis
how to change technical factors for osteoarthritis
increase mAs
deposits of calcifications in adjacent tendons near the shoulder causing pain and loss of movement
bursitis
condition characterized by inflammation of the bone and bone marrow caused by an infectious organism such as staphylococci and streptococci introduced during surgery or trauma
osteomyelitis
a bone fracture that separates into two or more fragments
complete
non-separated fracture of elbow
greenstick fracture
fracture of distal fibula
potts fracture
malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint (side of injury is a transverse fracture and opposing side is a spiral fracture)
Potts fracture
fracture of the C spine
hangmans fracture
fracture where a tendon pulls of a piece of bone
avulsion fracture
fracture where the distal humerus is removed from the joint of the elbow
dislocation
fracture shaped like a triangle
butterfly fracture
long bone fracture appears dark in the middle
pathological fracture
fracture mid tibia at an angle
transverse fracture
wrist fracture of distal radius and ulna
colles fracture
chronic destruction of liver cells and structure with nodular regeneration of liver parenchyma and fibrosis causing jaundice often as a result of alcoholism
cirrhosis
diffuse finely granular calcifications throughout the liver
hepaticmetastisis
loculated (fluid filled) collections arising from inflammation, necrosis, hemorrhage associated with acute pancreatitis or trauma
pancreatic pseudocysts
vericose veins of the lower colon and rectum causing pain, itching, and bleeding,
hemorrhoids
twisting of the bowel on itself often leading to an obstruction frequently involves transverse colon, cecum, or sigmoid
volvulus
a crescent over the right diaphragm is often a sign of
pneumoperitoneum
the apple core is an indication of
colon cancer
a cobblestone appearance in the colon is a sign of
Chron’s disease
outpouching of mucosal and submucosal lining through weak points of muscular layer of the bowel wall
diverticulum
when a perforated bowel or appendix is suspected the RT should consider using
water soluble contrast
how long after a bowel becomes obstructed can you see distended loops of a bowel
3-5 hours
chronic inflammation disease that involves the terminal end of the ileum
chrons disease
defective absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from the small bowel
malabsorption
telescoping of one part of the intestine into another because of peristalsis
intussecption
obstruction of distal esophagus
achalasia
alterations in intestinal motility
IBS
when radiographing an abdomen for suspected free air, the RT should make sure to perform an erectprojection on expiration
true
