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RADT 255 Radiographic Pathology > Respiratory System Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory System Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

structures of the respiratory system

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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2
Q

trachea branches into

A

two bronchi, one in each lung

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3
Q

bronchi branch into

A

bronchioles

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4
Q

bronchiolies contain hair like projections called

A

cilia

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5
Q

these remove foreign particles from the air to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering

A

small sac like structures surrounded by capillaries

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6
Q

purpose of alveoli

A

exchanges O2 for CO2

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7
Q

which section of the brain controls respiration

A

medulla

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8
Q

which muscles are used for respiration

A

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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9
Q

inflammation of lungs by bacteria or viruses

A

pneumonia

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10
Q

inflammatory exudate replaces air in alveoli

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

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11
Q

staphylococcal infection, the inflammation tends to produce small patches of consolidation causing airway obstruction or atelectasis

A

bronchopneumonia

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12
Q

produced by viral and myoplasmal infections; involves the walls of the alveoli and the structures supporting the lungs, producing a reticular pattern

A

interstitial pneumonia

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13
Q

caused by gastric or esophageal juices entering the lungs; posterior and upper lobes are most commonly affected

A

aspiration pneumonia

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14
Q

necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing pus-like material

A

lung abscess

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15
Q

diffuse calcifications in the lungs caused by fungus

A

histoplasmosis

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16
Q

permanent abnormal dilation of one or more bronchi as a result of a destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall

A

bronchiectasis

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17
Q

infected fluid in the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

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18
Q

a sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known as

A

tuberculoma

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19
Q

general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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20
Q

respiratory pathology often associated with an “angel wing” sign caused by air leading out of the lung into the mediastinum usually as a result of trauma

A

mediastinal emphysema

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21
Q

pathology demonstrated a large area filled “bullae” with air and lacking lung markings and air fluid levels

A

emphysema

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22
Q

condition of diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume is

A

atelectasis

23
Q

thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation

A

pulmonary emboli

24
Q

hereditary disease process characterized by the excretion of viscous mucus blocking the air passages

A

cystic fibrosis

25
Q

thin walled sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in the pulmonary circulatory system

A

alveolus

26
Q

hallmark sign of pulmonary over-inflation in the cases of emphysema is

A

flattened diaphragm

27
Q

narrowing of the trachea indicates

A

croup

28
Q

pulmonary metastasis in the lung is commonly characterized by which radiographic sign?

A

cannon ball lesions

29
Q

presence of infected liquid or pus in the pleural space, usually the result of infection from bacterial pneumonia, absess, perforation, trauma, surgery is

A

empyema

30
Q

in the event a possible pleural effusion or pneumothorax is suspected, which chest position should be performed

A

lateral decubitis

31
Q

inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the trachea in young children due to viral infection

A

croup

32
Q

conditions causing obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of O2 and CO2 and difficulties breathing

A

COPD

33
Q

chronic inflammation of the bronchi as a result of infection or long term exposure to irritants

A

chronic bronchitis

34
Q

obstructive and degenerative changes occur in small airways leading to dramatic increase in the volume of air in the lungs

A

emphysema

35
Q

long term effects of emphysema

A

barrel chest

36
Q

widespread narrowing of the airway develops because of an increased responsiveness of the trachobronchial tree to agents

A

asthma

37
Q

prolonged occupational exposure to irritants causing chronic interstitial inflammation leading to pulmonary fibrosis

A

pneumoconosis

38
Q

types of pneumoconosis

A

silicosis, asbestosis, coal miner’s pneumoconosis

39
Q

pulmonary fibrosis due to chronic inhalation of silicon dioxide dust

A

silicosis

40
Q

pulmonary fibrosis due to inhalation of anthracite dust

A

coal miner’s pneumoconosis

41
Q

emboli occlude blood flow to the lung where 80% of cases are asymptomatic

A

pulmonary embolism

42
Q

shower of bacteria that enters the pulmonary circulation and are trapped within the lung (drug users mainly)

A

septic embolism

43
Q

abnormal vascular communication from a pulmonary artery to a pulmonary vein

A

pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

44
Q

low-grade malignancy that constitutes about 1% of all bronchial neoplasms

A

bronchial adenoma

45
Q

star-like malignant lesions arising from mucosa of bronchial tree

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

46
Q

what percentage of all cancers develop pulmonary metastases

A

33%

47
Q

types of pulmonary metastases

A

lymphatic spread, musculoskeletal sarcomas, myelomas, breast carcinomas, thyroid and colon carcinomas

48
Q

this disease appears as “cannon ball lesions”

A

pulmonary metastases

49
Q

diminished air within lung associated with reduced lung volume (collapsed lung)

A

atelectasis

50
Q

secretion of excessive viscous mucous by all exocrine glands blocking the airways leading to focal areas of lung collapse “mucoviscidosis”

A

cystic fibrosis

51
Q

severe, unexpected, and life threatening respiratory distress categorized by a complete breakdown of lung structure - leading to leakage of cells and fluids causing hypoxemia

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS

52
Q

air is forced out of the lungs into surrounding tissue by penetrating or blunt force trauma

A

subcutaneous emphysema

53
Q

sniff test is used to diagnose

A

diaphragmatic paralysis

54
Q

rare congenital abnormality in which one hemidiaphragm is poorly developed and too weak to move upward

A

eventration of diaphragm

RADT 255 Radiographic Pathology (15 decks)

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