Respiratory System Disorders

Question 1

structures of the respiratory system

Answer 1

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 2

trachea branches into

Answer 2

two bronchi, one in each lung

Question 3

bronchi branch into

Answer 3

bronchioles

Question 4

bronchiolies contain hair like projections called

Answer 4

cilia

Question 5

these remove foreign particles from the air to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering

Answer 5

small sac like structures surrounded by capillaries

Question 6

purpose of alveoli

Answer 6

exchanges O2 for CO2

Question 7

which section of the brain controls respiration

Answer 7

medulla

Question 8

which muscles are used for respiration

Answer 8

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 9

inflammation of lungs by bacteria or viruses

Answer 9

pneumonia

Question 10

inflammatory exudate replaces air in alveoli

Answer 10

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 11

staphylococcal infection, the inflammation tends to produce small patches of consolidation causing airway obstruction or atelectasis

Answer 11

bronchopneumonia

Question 12

produced by viral and myoplasmal infections; involves the walls of the alveoli and the structures supporting the lungs, producing a reticular pattern

Answer 12

interstitial pneumonia

Question 13

caused by gastric or esophageal juices entering the lungs; posterior and upper lobes are most commonly affected

Answer 13

aspiration pneumonia

Question 14

necrotic area of pulmonary parenchyma containing pus-like material

Answer 14

lung abscess

Question 15

diffuse calcifications in the lungs caused by fungus

Answer 15

histoplasmosis

Question 16

permanent abnormal dilation of one or more bronchi as a result of a destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall

Answer 16

bronchiectasis

Question 17

infected fluid in the pleural cavity

Answer 17

pleural effusion

Question 18

a sharply circumscribed encapsulation of the tuberculosis bacilli is known as

Answer 18

tuberculoma

Question 19

general term used to describe obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of respiratory gases

Answer 19

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 20

respiratory pathology often associated with an “angel wing” sign caused by air leading out of the lung into the mediastinum usually as a result of trauma

Answer 20

mediastinal emphysema

Question 21

pathology demonstrated a large area filled “bullae” with air and lacking lung markings and air fluid levels

Answer 21

emphysema

Question 22

condition of diminished air within the lung associated with reduced lung volume is

Answer 22

atelectasis

Question 23

thrombi that develop in the deep venous system of the lower extremity and are trapped in the lung circulation

Answer 23

pulmonary emboli

Question 24

hereditary disease process characterized by the excretion of viscous mucus blocking the air passages

Answer 24

cystic fibrosis

Question 25

thin walled sac where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in the pulmonary circulatory system

Answer 25

alveolus

Question 26

hallmark sign of pulmonary over-inflation in the cases of emphysema is

Answer 26

flattened diaphragm

Question 27

narrowing of the trachea indicates

Answer 27

croup

Question 28

pulmonary metastasis in the lung is commonly characterized by which radiographic sign?

Answer 28

cannon ball lesions

Question 29

presence of infected liquid or pus in the pleural space, usually the result of infection from bacterial pneumonia, absess, perforation, trauma, surgery is

Answer 29

empyema

Question 30

in the event a possible pleural effusion or pneumothorax is suspected, which chest position should be performed

Answer 30

lateral decubitis

Question 31

inflammatory obstructive swelling localized to the trachea in young children due to viral infection

Answer 31

croup

Question 32

conditions causing obstruction of the airways leading to an ineffective exchange of O2 and CO2 and difficulties breathing

Answer 32

COPD

Question 33

chronic inflammation of the bronchi as a result of infection or long term exposure to irritants

Answer 33

chronic bronchitis

Question 34

obstructive and degenerative changes occur in small airways leading to dramatic increase in the volume of air in the lungs

Answer 34

emphysema

Question 35

long term effects of emphysema

Answer 35

barrel chest

Question 36

widespread narrowing of the airway develops because of an increased responsiveness of the trachobronchial tree to agents

Answer 36

asthma

Question 37

prolonged occupational exposure to irritants causing chronic interstitial inflammation leading to pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 37

pneumoconosis

Question 38

types of pneumoconosis

Answer 38

silicosis, asbestosis, coal miner's pneumoconosis

Question 39

pulmonary fibrosis due to chronic inhalation of silicon dioxide dust

Answer 39

silicosis

Question 40

pulmonary fibrosis due to inhalation of anthracite dust

Answer 40

coal miner's pneumoconosis

Question 41

emboli occlude blood flow to the lung where 80% of cases are asymptomatic

Answer 41

pulmonary embolism

Question 42

shower of bacteria that enters the pulmonary circulation and are trapped within the lung (drug users mainly)

Answer 42

septic embolism

Question 43

abnormal vascular communication from a pulmonary artery to a pulmonary vein

Answer 43

pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Question 44

low-grade malignancy that constitutes about 1% of all bronchial neoplasms

Answer 44

bronchial adenoma

Question 45

star-like malignant lesions arising from mucosa of bronchial tree

Answer 45

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 46

what percentage of all cancers develop pulmonary metastases

Answer 46

33%

Question 47

types of pulmonary metastases

Answer 47

lymphatic spread, musculoskeletal sarcomas, myelomas, breast carcinomas, thyroid and colon carcinomas

Question 48

this disease appears as "cannon ball lesions"

Answer 48

pulmonary metastases

Question 49

diminished air within lung associated with reduced lung volume (collapsed lung)

Answer 49

atelectasis

Question 50

secretion of excessive viscous mucous by all exocrine glands blocking the airways leading to focal areas of lung collapse "mucoviscidosis"

Answer 50

cystic fibrosis

Question 51

severe, unexpected, and life threatening respiratory distress categorized by a complete breakdown of lung structure - leading to leakage of cells and fluids causing hypoxemia

Answer 51

Adult respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS

Question 52

air is forced out of the lungs into surrounding tissue by penetrating or blunt force trauma

Answer 52

subcutaneous emphysema

Question 53

sniff test is used to diagnose

Answer 53

diaphragmatic paralysis

Question 54

rare congenital abnormality in which one hemidiaphragm is poorly developed and too weak to move upward

Answer 54

eventration of diaphragm