Exam 4 Nervous / Hematopoetic / Endocrine

Question 1

which of the following systems sends neurological impulses to striated muscles

Answer 1

somatic nervous system

Question 2

the impulse conduction route between the CNS and consists of an afferent and efferent neuron

Answer 2

reflex arc

Question 3

structure that divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

Answer 3

fissure

Question 4

which structure lies anterior to the primary motor cortex and controls coordination and speech (left side for right handed people)

Answer 4

premotor cortex

Question 5

acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid covering the brain and spinal cord often caused by the mumps or herpes

Answer 5

viral meningitis

Question 6

coronal CT of hear picture where on the left small white arrows when streptococci is the most common source

Answer 6

brain abcess

Question 7

which pathology is the most common primary malignant brain tumor composed of glial cells and grows slowly in the cerebellum

Answer 7

astrocytomas

Question 8

benign tumor arising from the arachnoid lining cells and attaches to the dura

Answer 8

meninggioma

Question 9

tumor arising from remnants of the notochord (embryonic neural tube) often affecting the clivus and lower lumbosacral region

Answer 9

chordoma

Question 10

benign brain tumor that originates from embryonic remnants depressing the optic chiasm extending into the third ventricle and may also compress the sella turcica eroding bony structures

Answer 10

craniopharyngioma

Question 11

fractures at the base of the skull are often hidden and may be indicated by

Answer 11

air fluid levels in the sphenoid sinus

Question 12

weakness on one side of the body

Answer 12

hemiparesis

Question 13

difficulty speaking

Answer 13

dysarthria

Question 14

paralysis of one side or coma

Answer 14

hemiplagia

Question 15

mild twitching and short periods of unconsciousness

Answer 15

petit mal

Question 16

which of the following blood cells carry hemoglobin to body tissue

Answer 16

erythrocytes

Question 17

which cells react to allergic and parasitic conditions

Answer 17

eosinphils

Question 18

which lytic pathologies results in widening of medullary spaces and thinning of cortices and as bone cells are destroyed and reabsorbed new bone grows over area and can be seen as paraveterbral collections of hematopoietic tissue on lateral chest image

Answer 18

hemolytic anemia

Question 19

normal levels of hemoglobin in the blood of a male patient

Answer 19

15 g

Question 20

normal red blood cell count in an adult

Answer 20

4.5 - 6 million

Question 21

which type of blood cell defends the body against bacteria through phagocytosis

Answer 21

neutrophlils

Question 22

which of the following blood disorders results from blood loss, poor nutrition, ulcers, malignant tumors, intestinal parasites, or menorrhagia and can be temporarily from pregnancy

Answer 22

iron deficiency anemia

Question 23

which of the following blood disorders is found primarily in blacks and is an abnormal hemoglobin molecule and RBCs are irregular shaped causing rupture

Answer 23

sickle cell anemia

Question 24

which of the following blood disorders is a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acids leading to defective DNA

Answer 24

megablastic anemia

Question 25

which of the following blood disorders increases blood volume and thickens blood thus increasing incidences of cerebral thrombosis, peptic ulcer disease and increase in acids in blood (gout)

Answer 25

polycythemia

Question 26

what is a neoplastic proliferation of WBCs causing cancer of the bone marrow

Answer 26

myelolytic leukemia

Question 27

enlarged lymph nodes seen in a chest x-ray may indicate

Answer 27

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 28

viral disease characterized by high fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph glands which Epstein Barr may be a cause

Answer 28

infectious mononucleosis

Question 29

thickening of the mucosal folds of the small intestines due to chronic hemorrhage is often seen on abdominal studies as a result of which disorder

Answer 29

thrombocytopenia

Question 30

common radiographic changes are bleeding into joint spaces (knees, elbows and ankles) and chronically subchronal cysts may appear on orthopedic images as a result of what inherited recessive anticoagulative disorder

Answer 30

hemophilia

Question 31

what type of endocrine activity acts as a thermostat - when a sufficient amount of hormone is detected in the blood, production stops and when levels drop new hormones are released

Answer 31

negative feedback

Question 32

which adrenal secretion regulates carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 32

cortisone

Question 33

excess production of glucosteroid hormones mobilizing lipids and increases lipids in blood levels

Answer 33

cushings syndrome

Question 34

pathology producing changes in multiple systems; diffuse osteoporosis, collapse of vertebral bodies, spontaneous fractures, and septic necrosis of the head of the femur or humerus

Answer 34

cushings syndrome

Question 35

overproduction of mineralocortcoid hormones produced by the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex causes retention of sodium and water and loss of potassium in the urine resulting in hypertension, muscular weakness, paralysis, and excessive thirst

Answer 35

aldosternoism

Question 36

virilism is also known as

Answer 36

adrenogenital syndrome

Question 37

hypoadrenalism is also known as

Answer 37

addisons disease

Question 38

a tumor arising from the adrenal medulla producing an excess of vasopressor substances (epinephrine and norepinephrine) is referred to as

Answer 38

phenochromocytoma

Question 39

which type of adrenal tumor is often seen on IVUs as calcification (50%) and often shows downward and lateral renal displacement by the tumor mass

Answer 39

neuroblastoma

Question 40

diabetes insipidus is

Answer 40

impaired ability of kidneys to conserve water as a result of low blood levels of ADH or when kidneys fail to respond to ADH

Question 41

which disorder results in gigantism

Answer 41

hyperpituitarism

Question 42

which gland is responsible for stimulating cellular metabolism to meet needs of body for energy production

Answer 42

thyroid

Question 43

Grave’s Disease most commonly affects women 30-40 years results from which of the following pathologies

Answer 43

hyperthyroidism

Question 44

pathology in an adult results in lethargy, excessive sleeping, constipation, cold intolerance, slowing intellectual and motor activity, stiff achy muscles, hoarse voice, skin thickening and thickening of facial features

Answer 44

hypothyroidism

Question 45

in children, disorder resulting from a delay of ossification and retarded bone age; thickening of cranial vault, underpneumatization of sinuses and mastoid air cells, widened sutures with delayed closure, delay in eruption of teeth

Answer 45

hypothyroidism

Question 46

thyroid carcinoma peaks in adolescence and later in life; slow growing cystic tumor typically spreads to regional lymph nodes where it may remain dormant for years

Answer 46

papillary carcinoma

Question 47

which of the following pathologies results in chronic renal failure

Answer 47

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 48

which disorder results in osteosclerosis is most common and can present with focal areas of bone destruction “Brown tumors”

Answer 48

hyperparathyroidism

Question 49

artherosclerosis is often a long term effect of which disorder

Answer 49

diabetes mellitus