Urinary Flashcards
Functions of the kidneys
Maintain normal blood components (pH), remove waste products in blood
The concave area of the kidney where blood vessels nerves and ureter enter or leave
Hilus
Tough fibrous outer covering of kidney
Capsule
Outer layer and inner layer (striated) of kidneys
Outer- Cortex
Inner- medulla
Funnel shaped thing where urine collects before entering ureter
Renal pelvis
The renal artery has a blood pressure that is ___% that of the aorta
70%
The afferent artiole brings blood __
The efferent brings it ____
In, out
Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder
Ureter
What is an ectopic ureter
Connect from kidney to urethra, rather than to the bladder
Where bladder lies
Cranial brim of pelvis, apex is cranial
The neck of the bladder is surrounded by the
Urethral sphincter
The area where the urethra enters the bladder
Trigone
Exercises that strengthen the pelvic muscles to help treat incontinence
Kegals
Basic functional unit of the kidney, tube used for collecting waste from blood and converting into urine
Nephron
Normally only ____ of the neprons are functioning at any one time
1/4
Tuft of capillaries located in cortex , where the afferent and efferent arterioles go to and from
Glomerulus
Substances that are leaked out of the glomerulus
Where do these end up ?
Fluid, electrolytes, antibiotics, poisons, urea, creatinine
End up in Bowman’s capsule
Longest section of the nephron, found in cortex
PCT, proximal convoluted tubule
What percent of what is conserved by the PCT
80%
The descending loop of Henle is ____
The ascending is ______
(Thin, thick)
Thin, thick
Most concentrated section of nephron
Lowest area of loop of henle
What gives the medula its striations
Collecting ducts
Area around tubules and blood vessels in the kidney
Interstitial space
Where blood is filtered
Glomerus
Large molecules that are too big to be filtered into Bowman’s capsule
Blood cells, protein, fat, antibodies
Amount of filtration depends on
Blood flow to kidneys (dehydration decreases) Blood pressure (low in shock, anesthesia, surgery)
___ % of blood going to kidney goes to the glomeruli
___% actually nourishes kidney tissue
90%
10%
Total blood volume of animal if filtered every ___ minutes
5
Substances filtered at glomerulus and enter Bowman’s capsule are called the
Filtrate
For every 1 liter of urine formed, approx _____ liters of blood were filtered
180 L
GFR
Glomerular filtration rate
The ability of a substance to be removed from the blood by the kidney and excreted in the urine
Clearance
Nephrologist
Urologist
Kidney doctor
Urinary tract doctor
Active or passive?
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Filtration-passive
Reabsorption- either
Secretion- active usually
Renal threshold
Max amount of substance in the blood that is filtered that can be reabsorbed
Renal threshold for glucose
200 mg/dL
The counter current mechanism in the loop of henle is responsible for
Concentrating urine
Where water is reabsorbed
DCT
Diuresis
Increased urine production
Diuretic
Drugs that cause diuresis (alcohol, Lasix)
ADH
What is it, what gland excretes it
Anti-Diuretic hormone/ vasopressin
Pituitary gland
Lack of ADH production (diabetes…)
Diabetes insipidus
If bp is low or volume is too low receptors in afferent arteriole sense and release this
Rennin
Rennin causes this to increase bp
Vasoconstriction of the artiole and increase bp to kidney
Rennin activates angiotensin which causes the release of
Aldosterone from adrenal glands (encourages Na reabsorption and water conservation)
If too acidic ____ H is secreted in the PCT or DCT or _____ HCO-3 is reabsorbed
More, more
If too alkaline, _____ H is secreted in PCT or DCT or _____ HCO-3 is absorbed
Less, less
Cats ferrets and dogs usually have (acidic or alkaline) urine
Acidic
Urine in cows and horses is mostly (acidic or alkaline)
Alkaline
Methionine or vitamin C lowers …
PH
Cystitis
Inflammation or infection of bladder
Nephritis
Inflammation or infection of kidney
Urolithiasis
Urinary stones or calculi (or in kidney)
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation or infection of kidney and renal pelvis
Azotemia
Increase in nitrogenous wastes in blood (BUN and creatinine), typically Bc 75% of nephrons are damaged
Uremia
Azotemia w other physical signs like uremic breath, acidosis, oral ulceration
Isothenuria
V dilute urine, typically 67% of nephrons are damaged
Erythropoietin
Hormone made in kidney, stimulates bone marrow to make more RBCs
