Urinary

Question 1

Functions of the kidneys

Answer 1

Maintain normal blood components (pH), remove waste products in blood

Question 2

The concave area of the kidney where blood vessels nerves and ureter enter or leave

Answer 2

Hilus

Question 3

Tough fibrous outer covering of kidney

Answer 3

Capsule

Question 4

Outer layer and inner layer (striated) of kidneys

Answer 4

Outer- Cortex

Inner- medulla

Question 5

Funnel shaped thing where urine collects before entering ureter

Answer 5

Renal pelvis

Question 6

The renal artery has a blood pressure that is ___% that of the aorta

Answer 6

70%

Question 7

The afferent artiole brings blood __

The efferent brings it ____

Answer 7

In, out

Question 8

Tube that carries urine from kidney to bladder

Answer 8

Ureter

Question 9

What is an ectopic ureter

Answer 9

Connect from kidney to urethra, rather than to the bladder

Question 10

Where bladder lies

Answer 10

Cranial brim of pelvis, apex is cranial

Question 11

The neck of the bladder is surrounded by the

Answer 11

Urethral sphincter

Question 12

The area where the urethra enters the bladder

Answer 12

Trigone

Question 13

Exercises that strengthen the pelvic muscles to help treat incontinence

Answer 13

Kegals

Question 14

Basic functional unit of the kidney, tube used for collecting waste from blood and converting into urine

Answer 14

Nephron

Question 15

Normally only ____ of the neprons are functioning at any one time

Answer 15

1/4

Question 16

Tuft of capillaries located in cortex , where the afferent and efferent arterioles go to and from

Answer 16

Glomerulus

Question 17

Substances that are leaked out of the glomerulus

Where do these end up ?

Answer 17

Fluid, electrolytes, antibiotics, poisons, urea, creatinine

End up in Bowman’s capsule

Question 18

Longest section of the nephron, found in cortex

Answer 18

PCT, proximal convoluted tubule

Question 19

What percent of what is conserved by the PCT

Answer 19

80%

Question 20

The descending loop of Henle is ____
The ascending is ______
(Thin, thick)

Answer 20

Thin, thick

Question 21

Most concentrated section of nephron

Answer 21

Lowest area of loop of henle

Question 22

What gives the medula its striations

Answer 22

Collecting ducts

Question 23

Area around tubules and blood vessels in the kidney

Answer 23

Interstitial space

Question 24

Where blood is filtered

Answer 24

Glomerus

Question 25

Large molecules that are too big to be filtered into Bowman’s capsule

Answer 25

Blood cells, protein, fat, antibodies

Question 26

Amount of filtration depends on

Answer 26

``` Blood flow to kidneys (dehydration decreases) Blood pressure (low in shock, anesthesia, surgery) ```

Question 27

___ % of blood going to kidney goes to the glomeruli | ___% actually nourishes kidney tissue

Answer 27

90% | 10%

Question 28

Total blood volume of animal if filtered every ___ minutes

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Substances filtered at glomerulus and enter Bowman’s capsule are called the

Answer 29

Filtrate

Question 30

For every 1 liter of urine formed, approx _____ liters of blood were filtered

Answer 30

180 L

Question 31

GFR

Answer 31

Glomerular filtration rate

Question 32

The ability of a substance to be removed from the blood by the kidney and excreted in the urine

Answer 32

Clearance

Question 33

Nephrologist | Urologist

Answer 33

Kidney doctor | Urinary tract doctor

Question 34

Active or passive? Filtration Reabsorption Secretion

Answer 34

Filtration-passive Reabsorption- either Secretion- active usually

Question 35

Renal threshold

Answer 35

Max amount of substance in the blood that is filtered that can be reabsorbed

Question 36

Renal threshold for glucose

Answer 36

200 mg/dL

Question 37

The counter current mechanism in the loop of henle is responsible for

Answer 37

Concentrating urine

Question 38

Where water is reabsorbed

Answer 38

DCT

Question 39

Diuresis

Answer 39

Increased urine production

Question 40

Diuretic

Answer 40

Drugs that cause diuresis (alcohol, Lasix)

Question 41

ADH | What is it, what gland excretes it

Answer 41

Anti-Diuretic hormone/ vasopressin | Pituitary gland

Question 42

Lack of ADH production (diabetes...)

Answer 42

Diabetes insipidus

Question 43

If bp is low or volume is too low receptors in afferent arteriole sense and release this

Answer 43

Rennin

Question 44

Rennin causes this to increase bp

Answer 44

Vasoconstriction of the artiole and increase bp to kidney

Question 45

Rennin activates angiotensin which causes the release of

Answer 45

Aldosterone from adrenal glands (encourages Na reabsorption and water conservation)

Question 46

If too acidic ____ H is secreted in the PCT or DCT or _____ HCO-3 is reabsorbed

Answer 46

More, more

Question 47

If too alkaline, _____ H is secreted in PCT or DCT or _____ HCO-3 is absorbed

Answer 47

Less, less

Question 48

Cats ferrets and dogs usually have (acidic or alkaline) urine

Answer 48

Acidic

Question 49

Urine in cows and horses is mostly (acidic or alkaline)

Answer 49

Alkaline

Question 50

Methionine or vitamin C lowers ...

Answer 50

PH

Question 51

Cystitis

Answer 51

Inflammation or infection of bladder

Question 52

Nephritis

Answer 52

Inflammation or infection of kidney

Question 53

Urolithiasis

Answer 53

Urinary stones or calculi (or in kidney)

Question 54

Pyelonephritis

Answer 54

Inflammation or infection of kidney and renal pelvis

Question 55

Azotemia

Answer 55

Increase in nitrogenous wastes in blood (BUN and creatinine), typically Bc 75% of nephrons are damaged

Question 56

Uremia

Answer 56

Azotemia w other physical signs like uremic breath, acidosis, oral ulceration

Question 57

Isothenuria

Answer 57

V dilute urine, typically 67% of nephrons are damaged

Question 58

Erythropoietin

Answer 58

Hormone made in kidney, stimulates bone marrow to make more RBCs