Circulatory System Flashcards
Cranial and dorsal portion of the heart
Site for entry and exit of major blood vessels
Base
Point of heart, free, not attached by ligaments or blood vessels. Points causally and ventrally
Apex
Connective tissue sac that surrounds the heart, made of 2 layers
Pericardium
The pericardial sac is filled with ______ ______ which serves as a lubricant as heart beats
Pericardial fluid
An increase in fluid around heart, constricting it and making it so it can’t expand as much can cause
Heart failure
Name for hardware disease
Traumatic reticulo-pericardis
Hardware disease can cause what to build up around the heart
Leads to
Pus (if nicks pericardial sac)
Leads to washing machine murmur
How to treat hardware disease
Pericardial stripping
Where foreign objects go in a cow’s stomach
Reticulum
Which side handles unoxygenated blood, which side handles oxygenated blood
Unoxygenated: right
Oxygenated: left
Where the right atrium receives blood from
The crania and caudal vena cava
The cranial vena cava drains blood from the_______. The caudal vena cava drains blood from the _____
Head
Body
Valve in right atrium that keeps blood going in right direction and not regurgitating back into the atria
Atrio-ventricular or tricuspid valve
Chamber that sends blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery to pick up O2 and discard CO2
Right ventricle
What chamber the pulmonary valve is located in, keeps blood from flowing back
Right ventricle
The only artery in the body with oxygen poor blood
Pulmonary artery
In the lungs _____ leaves the blood and ______ is picked up
CO2 leaves, O2 is picked up
The only vein in the body with oxygen rich blood
Pulmonary vein
Which chamber the oxygen rich blood from the lungs goes to
The left atrium
Valve in the left atrium that sends blood to the left ventricle
Left A-V valve or mitral valve
The valve located in the left ventricle that sends blood to the rest of the body
Aortic valve
Which has thinner walls the atria or ventricles
Atria
Which ventricle has a thicker wall
Left
Each valve is attached to the ______ in the ventricular walls by fibrous cords called _____ _______
Papillary muscles
Chordae tendinae
When the valves evert back into the atria
Valve prolapse
When the ventricles contract the valves are forced closed. What keeps the valves from going the wrong way
The chordae tendinae
Outer
Middle
Inner layer of heart
Outer: pericardium
Middle: myocardium
Inner: endocardium
Medical term for a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Diastole
Systole
Rest
Contract
First heart sound (Lub)
A-V valves close
Second heart sound, (dub)
Aortic and pulmonary valves shut
Both heart sounds occur during
Ventricular systole
A third heart sound may be heard, this is
The ventricles filling
How heart murmurs are ranked
I-V
1 being hard to hear
5 being easy
Things that can cause heart murmurs
Valve problems
Structural abnormalities
Thickening of vessel walls
Anemia
Valves not closing properly (valve insufficiency) causes
Blood leaks back causing noise
Valve insufficiency in seen old dogs
Mitral insufficiency
Lub-shh-dub
Valve damage from a bacterial infection is seen in
Shh-shh-shh
Cows w hardware disease
Valve insufficiency is seen in people with
Strep throat or rheumatic fever
The connection between atrium in fetuses that closes after birth
Patent foramen ovale
When the foramen ovale doesn’t seal after birth
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Thickening of blood vessels
Stenosis
What PDA sounds like
Constant noise, may feel thrill from blood turbulence
Effects of stenosis on heart
Valve can’t open completely, increased noise due to blood having increased pressure going through a narrower opening
What anemia is
Blood thin with fewer RBC’s
Blood less viscous
When the heart valves don’t close properly, the heart pumps ___x as much blood
2
Effect of PDA on animal
Unoxygenated blood circulating, animal is weak
Effect of anemia
Animal becomes weak
