Circulatory 2 Flashcards
Pacemaker called are in the ___ node of the _____ ______
SA node of the right atrium
After atria contract, the impulse reaches the A-V node located
At the atrio-ventricular junction
After the impulse reaches the AV node is goes where
The left and right branches of the Bundle of His
The branches of Bundle of His divide into _____ ______ at the apex of the heart
Purkinje fibers
The ventricles contract when the electrical impulse makes it to the
Purkinje fibers
The impulse is slowest where in the heart
Why
The bundle of his
So the atria and ventricles don’t contract at the same time
Cells normally have a __ charge inside and a __ charge outside
Negative inside
Positive outside
How the sodium potassium pumps works to cause electrical stimulation of heart cells
Na is pumped out, K pumped in.
When impulse starts at SA node it causes depolarization of cell making it more permeable to Na.
Na rushes in making the inside +. This goes from cell to cell
Repolarization of cell
Sodium potassium pump kicks back on to recharge things
The pause between heart beats happens because of
repolarization of cells
Depolarization occurs during ____
Repolarization occurs during ____
Systole
Diastole
Electrical activity in heart can be measured a device to show the
ECG/ EKG
What ECG/EKG stands for
Electro c(k)ardio gram
Blocks that’s may prevent normal electrical conduction
Myocardial infarction (muscle damage), conduction system problems (nodes), electrolyte imbalances
Example of electrolyte imbalance that blocks normal electrical conduction in heart
Milk fever in cattle
Rapid heart rhythm
Ventricular fibrillation
Blood pressure is measured with a
Sphygmomanometer
Heart rate average for Elephants Horses Cows Dog/cat Mouse
Elephants: 20bpm Horse: 40bpm Cow: 70 bpm Dog/cat:100-150bpm Mouse: 300 bpm
What transports hormones
Blood
Blood helps balance our
Temperature, water/fluid, acid/base
System of vessels carrying blood throughout body
Vascular system
Carry blood away from heart
Carry blood to heart
Away: arteries
To: veins
Arteries have thick _____ and a small ______
Walls
Small lumen
Artery walls are made of
Elastic tissue and smooth muscle
Normal blood pressure for cats and dogs
120/80
Largest artery
Aorta
List from biggest to smallest lumen size
Arteries, capillaries, aorta, arterioles
Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries
RBCs move single file through these at the tissue level
Capillaries
Responsible for nourishing tissues
Capillaries
_____ are like highways, _____ are like exits and slower roads
Arteries, capillaries
What an aneurysm is
Arteries can develop weak spots which stretch and may rupture
Connects the veins to capillaries
Venules
The closer to the heart, the higher the
Blood pressure
On an ekg what letters represent the ventricles contracting
Q R S
On an EKG what letters represent the atria contracting?
Ventricles repolarizing?
P
T
Veins have thin ____ and thick _____
Thin walls
Thick diameter
Damaged valves in veins causes
Varicose veins (pooling of blood)
What is stocking up in horses
Inactivity causes blood to pool in legs, legs look puffy
Artery that goes to the liver
Hepatic
Vein that drains blood from the intestinal tract and takes it to the liver
Portal vein
Artery that supplies blood to the intestines
Mesenteric
Artery that takes blood up the neck to the head
Carotid
Vein that drains blood from the head
Jugular
Vein that supplies blood to front leg
Brachial
___ pints = 1 quart
___ Quarts = 1 gallon
___ pints = gallon
2 pints= 1 Quart
4 quarts= 1 gallon
8 pints = gallon
How much of an animals body weight is blood
8-10% body weight
How many pounds in a pint
1 pound
Blood pressure is what/ what
After you’ve blown up the cuff until sound is no longer heard, slowly let air out
First sound heard/ sound disappears again
Ways to determine approximate bp without a sphygmomanometer
Pulse strength/ quality, mm color, CRT
