Reproductive Flashcards
Word that refers to sex glands
Gonad
Male and female gonads
Testes and ovaries
2 functions of testes
Make testosterone
Make/store sperm
Temperature in scrotum is how much lower than body temp
4-7 degrees cooler
If too cool the scrotum shrinks up and pulls testicle up into body. What muscle does this
Cremaster muscle
In the embryo the gonads are located where
Near the kidneys
Testes pass thro the abdominal wall thro this
Inguinal ring/ canal
If the inguinal ring/ canal remains large intestine can slip out causing
A hernia
Unilateral cryporchidism and bilateral, which is fertile and sterile
Uni- fertile
Bi- sterile
Which animals testicles hang low (long axis vertical)
Bull and ram
Which animals testicles are held tightly in scrotum (don’t hang)
Pigs and cats
Mass of tubules in testicle, site of sperm production
Seminiferous tubules
Sperm gathers in various ducts in the
Where they are stored, concentrated, matured
Epididymus
Epididymus leads to the ______ which empties into the urethra
Ductus deferents (vas deferens)
Testicular vein
Pampiniform plexus
Semen is a combination of
Sperm and fluid
Purpose of fluid in semen
Act as transport medium
Provides nutrition
Buffer against acidity of vagina
Why vaginas are acidic
Inhibit bacterial growth
3 main accessory sex gland
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbuorethral (cowpers)
Dogs only have what accessory sex gland
Prostate
The urethra is totally encircled by
The prostate
Cancer, infection, or benign hypertrophy of prostate can make this difficult
Urination
Animals that have a sigmoid flexure that they use to become erect
Bulls, pigs, rams
Goats have a small portion of the urethra that extends past the end of the glans penis. This is called the
Urethral process
This is important in locking procedure in dogs
Bulb of glans
Animals w an os penis
Dog, raccoon, mink, beaver
Animal w spines on penis that stimulate female
Cats
Eggs are found in what layer of the ovaries (vortex or medulla)
Cortex
When female egg maturation and release stops
Menopause
Cells of follicles make
Estrogen and fluid
Lining of uterus is called the
Endometrium
What animals have a cotyledonary placenta
Ruminants
In a cotyledonary placenta; name projections from uterine wall and their attachment sites
Caruncles, attach to projections from chorion called cotyledons
Dogs and acts have what kind of placenta
Zonary
Primates and rodents have what kind of placenta
Discoidal
This acts as a sphincter to separate uterus from vagina
Cervix
External opening of vagina
Vulva
At puberty, the cells of the gonads start to to divide. These cells are called
Spermatogonia and oogonia
____ duplicates DNA
_____ cuts the number of DNA in half
Mitosis
Meiosis
Sex is determined by mom or dad?
Dad (Bc can give x or y)
How long it takes for sperm to be made in seminiferous tubules and mature in the epididymus
1-2 mon
Where the energy source (mitochondria) is located on the sperm
Neck
Where the nucleus and chromosomes are located on sperm
The head
