Endocrine 2 Flashcards
The catecholamines are a hormone of the medullary in the adrenal gland. Examples of catecholamines
Epinephrine or adrenaline, norepinephrine
2 hormones produced by thyroid gland
T3 (tri-iodothyronine)
T4 (thyroxine)
What is needed to make T3 and T4
Iodine
Which gland exerts lots of control over metabolism
Thyroid
Signs of hypothyroidism
Lethargic, cold intolerance, weight gain, hair loss (rat tail), thick greasy skin, mental dullness, reproductive problems
Untreatment of hypothyroidism can lead to
Cretinism (mental retardation)
Signs of hyperthyroidism
Fast metabolism, thin, tachycardia, hyperactive, bulging eyes
Drug to treat hyperthyroid
Tapazole (methimizole)
Enlargement of thyroid
Goiter
Things that can cause a goiter
Iodine deficiency over stimulating thyroid by pituitary, tumor, excess iodine in diet
Thyroid gland produce calcitonin which does what
Decreases blood calcium and increases bone growth
The parathyroid gland produces PTH that does what
Increases blood calcium
Stimulates osteoclasts to remove Ca from bones, increases GI absorption of Ca
The spots on pancreas that contain cells are called
Islets of Langerhans
Cells in pancreas
Alpha cells: glucagon
Beta cells: insulin
What insulin does
Forces glucose into cells for energy after we eat
Type 1 DM common in
2:
1: dogs
2: humans and cats (ab 25% of diabetic cats)
How glucagon works
Breakdown glycogen in liver to raise blood sugar levels (opposite of insulin)
Important in young animals, makes hormones needed for normal development and WBC function
Thymus gland
If the thymus is removed early in life, you don’t see this problem layer on
Don’t see rejection problems w transplanted organs
Gland that makes melatonin at night that decreases FSH production
Pineal body
Horses are ___ day breeders, meaning they breed when
Long, spring and summer (longer photo-period)
FSH stimulates what
LH stimulates what
Sperm production
Testosterone production
Where estrogen is made
In follicle cells around egg
Which gland maintains pregnancy
Progesterone
