Respiratory/pulmonary Flashcards
Primary function of respiratory system
Exchange of gases (O2 in/ CO2 out)
Secondary functions of respiratory system
Regulate pH of body fluids, temp control, eliminate water, voice production
Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells (internal or external respiration)
Internal
Nostrils are also called the
Nares
Narrow nostril openings
Stenotic nares
Turbinates help to
Warm air, filter air, aid in sense of smell
Infected or plugged sinuses
Sinusitis
Passage for food and air
Pharynx
Tubes that connect pharynx to middle ear
Eustachian tubes
Enlarged area of Eustachian tubes in horeses are called
Gutteral pouches
What equalized the pressure on each side of the eardrum
The openings into pharynx from Eustachian tubes
The hyoid bones support what
The larynx
Aspiration of food can cause
Pneumonia
Dolichocephalic
Long face
Caudal portion of human soft palate
Uvula
Horse gets paralysis of muscles in the larynx so they don’t open all they way, getting a flapping noise. They are called
Roarers
Trachea ends where
Base of heart
Rub this to induce a cough
Thoracic inlet
A temporary opening into trachea
TracheOTOMY
A permanent opening
-Ostomy
Removing something
-ectomy
Tracheal collapse is common in
Small breed dogs
Trachea branches into two
Which branches into smaller
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Bronchioles end up as
Which lead to
Alveolar ducts
The alveoli
Areas of gas exchange from external environment w blood in the capillaries
Alveoli
Area where pulmonary artery and vein and bronchi enter each lung lobe
Hilus
To test to see if a baby was born alive or not, you
See if lungs float. (First breath, lungs expand and hold in permanent air)
Membrane that covers the inner wall of the thoracic cavity and outer surface of the lungs
Pleural membrane
Pleurisy can lead to what
A noise called rales when auscultating the chest
Fluid in between double layers of pleural membrane
Pleuritis
Structures found in the mediastinum
Heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta, vena cava, lymph nodes
Separates the chest from the abdomen
Diaphragm
Difference between a histal hernia and diaphragmatic hernia in the diaphragm
Diagphragmatic- a rip
Hiatal- esophagus and stomach bulge thro hole in diaphragm
Pressure in thorax around lungs is (neg or pos)
Negative
Formula for pressure in relation to volume
P=1/V
As volume goes up, P goes
Why?
Down
Because during inspiration (V up) the thoracic cavity gets larger
How the thoracic cavity enlarged during inspiration
Contraction of diaphragm
Intercostal muscles between ribs contract
Which is passive, inspiration or expiration
Expiration
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What usually causes heaves in horses
Dusty or moldy hay
Abdominal muscles help in (inspiration or expiration)
Expiration
Inhalation: exhalation
1:2 (seconds)
Eupnea
Normal, quiet breathing
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Apnea
Temporary cessation of respirations
