uri pharm

Question 1

bacterial

Answer 1

abx

Question 2

H1

Answer 2

receptors mediate smooth muscle contraction and capillary dilation
target for traditional allergy meds
where antihistamine meds work

Question 3

H2

Answer 3

mediate heart rate and gastric acid secretion
treat gerd

Question 4

H1 blockers

Answer 4

antihistamines
sedating and non sedating
treat nasal allergies, seasonal, sneezing, runny nose
palliative not curative

Question 5

H1 blockers moa

Answer 5

bind h1 receptors and block histamine release
have mild anticholinergic effect

Question 6

H1 blockers CI

Answer 6

closed angle glaucoma, cardiac and kidney disease, htn, bronchial asthma, COPD, PUD, seizures, BPH, preg
bc high BP - not all inclusive, if bp under control, ok

Question 7

diphenhydramine: indications

Answer 7

sedating antihistamine: 1st gen
mild allergic rxn, motion sickness, insomnia
can be given with severe anaphylactic reactions
PO or IV

Question 8

all OTC?

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

diphenhydramine: SE

Answer 9

drowsy, dizzy, dry mouth, urinary retention, c (DRY)
severe CNS depressants

Question 10

diphenhydramine: nc

Answer 10

monitor closely for dizziness when ambulating, monitor for urinary retention and c
avoid driving and activities requiring mental alertness if not used to taking this drug, or take at night
children can become hyperactive

Question 11

non sedating antihistamines

Answer 11

loratadine
fexofenadine
cetirizine

Question 12

non sedating antihistamines: I

Answer 12

allergic rhinitis, chronic idiopathic urticaria
2nd gen antihistamines
all PO

Question 13

non sedating antihistamines: SE

Answer 13

less SE
less drowsy and fatigue - can take in morning

Question 14

sympathomimetics

Answer 14

decongestants
phenylphrine
pseudoephedrine

Question 15

sympathomimetics: I

Answer 15

reduce nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, common cold

Question 16

sympathomimetics: moa

Answer 16

mimic action of SNS
activate alpha 1 adrenergic receptors, cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels, causing nasal turbinates to shrink and open nasal passages

Question 17

sympathomimetics: SE

Answer 17

all related to CNS stim -> agitation, insomnia, anx, tachy, heart palpitations
some people cant take them
dry you out

Question 18

sympathomimetics: patient education

Answer 18

dont use for more than 4 days bc rebound nasal congestions if drug abruptly stopped after prolonged use
taper

Question 19

pseudophedrine

Answer 19

potential for abuse
meth
otc but pharm
more SE and effectiveness than other drug in this category
states have differing requirements of age and amount

Question 20

antitussive

Answer 20

cough suppressants (acute or chronic)
PO, syrups/sprays/lozenges
dextromethorphan, codeine (rx), benzonatate (rx)

Question 21

antitussive moa

Answer 21

suppress cough reflex in brain
usually cough is good but sometimes harmful (non productive dry, chest pain, no sleep, post op)

Question 22

antitussive SE

Answer 22

CNS depressant
dont take with other cns depressants

Question 23

expectorant

Answer 23

guaifenesin
decrease mucus in colds, bronchitis, etc
effectiveness is questionable

Question 24

expectorant moa

Answer 24

reduce surface tension of secretion helping thin the mucus and make it easier to expectorate
encourage fluids to help with this as well

Question 25

expectorants SE

Answer 25

few, mild GI distress
careful in pt with chronic cough/asthma

Question 26

mucolytics

Answer 26

acetylecysteine
bronchipulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis

Question 27

mucolytics moa

Answer 27

decrease viscosity of mucus making it easier to cough

Question 28

mucolytics SE

Answer 28

few
bronchospasm may occur
smells terrible
monitor lung spams
given via neb or tracheostomy