abx: pcn

Question 1

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 1

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin
inhibit cell wall synthesis, weaken cell wall, influx of fluid into cell, swell and burst, lysis and death

Question 2

beta lactam antibiotics

Answer 2

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams
all inhibit synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall (allow for resistance)
will not kill bacteria that produces beta lactamase -> combine 2 drug types to combat issue
usually given IV bc bacteria are more resilient

Question 3

penicillin

Answer 3

naturally occur but newer synthetic forms - mold
work against many organisms, low toxicity - good for outpt
can have lot of interactions with other drugs

Question 4

penicillin - moa

Answer 4

disrupt synthesis of cell wall
inhibit transpeptidases - essential for cell wall synthesis
activates autolysis - disinhibits it

Question 5

penicillin SE

Answer 5

urticaria - rash (kids), very common esp with ampicillin
pruritis
angioedema - life threatening
mostly controllable, severe reactions more common with IV
Low tox

Question 6

penicillin uses

Answer 6

gram + unless extended spectrum
gonorrhea, perionitis, UTI, pna and other resp infections, septicemia, meningitis

Question 7

natural penicillins

Answer 7

G and V

Question 8

penicillinase resistent penicillins

Answer 8

nafcillin

Question 9

amniopenicillin

Answer 9

amoxicillin and ampicillin
work better against gram - than others

Question 10

extended spectrum penicillins

Answer 10

piperacillin

Question 11

pcn G and V

Answer 11

usually IV/IM (STD), PO available
gram +, gram - cocci, anaerobic bacteria, spirochetes
30 min 1/2 life (unless kidney dysfunction)
least toxic, rash to anaphylaxis
can be used with aminoglycosides -> gets into cell and disrupts protein synthesis

Question 12

nafcillin

Answer 12

IV only - cloxacillin and oxacillin are oral formulations
drug of choice for this class
resist breakdown by penicillinase enzyme
anti staph

Question 13

ampicillin

Answer 13

1st broad spectrum, work better against gram - than other
diarrhea and rash
PO (prefer amoxicillin) or IV
renal sensitive
lots of resistance

Question 14

amoxicillin

Answer 14

Work better against gram - than other
less SE
very common in peds - doses sometimes higher because of strep resistant organisms
only PO
ear, nost, throat, GU, skin infections - out patient

Question 15

piperacillin

Answer 15

wider spectrum
ALWAYS given with beta lactamase inhibitor
anti pseudomonoal
Very good for pseudomonas infection
affect plts, watch pt with renal dysfunction (extended spectrum)

Question 16

Pcn interactions

Answer 16

Warfarin, oral contraceptives, NSAIDS
If pt on a lot of different drugs - make sure you get a good hx