abx: cephalosporins

Question 1

cephalosporins - moa

Answer 1

inhibit cell wall synthesis through same pcn binding protein (transpeptidase) -> activate autolysis

Question 2

cephalosporins

Answer 2

structurally similar to pcn
often resistant to beta lactamase -> cephalospirnase
low tox: some cross sensitivity with pcn allergy, avoid if prophylactic
5 generations - increase spectrum/activity/ability to penetrate CSF
same indications as pcn
poor oral abs

Question 3

cephalosporins SE

Answer 3

mild d, abd cramp, rash!, pruritic, redness, edema
pregnancy category B - pretty safe

Question 4

cefazolin and cephalexin

Answer 4

1st gen
gram +
staph and non-enterococcal strep
PO (cephalexin) or IV
cefazolin common for sx prophylaxis, IV only
Cephalexin common for skin infections and uti

Question 5

cefuroxime and cefotetan

Answer 5

2nd generation
more gram - coverage and gram +
IV and PO
cefuroxime does not kill anaerobic bacteria
Intestinal bacterial = cefurosime

Question 6

ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
cefotaxine

Answer 6

3rd gen
most potent in fighting gram - but much less activity against gram +
IV/IM only - other forms available in PO
ceftriaxone: extremely long acting - 1/day, able to cross BBB (meningitis and other CNS infections), dont give to pt with liver fail
ceftazidine works well for pseudomonas

Question 7

cefepime

Answer 7

4th gen
only 1
works against gram - and + (very broad spectrum - if pt comes in and were not sure we can start them on this)
uncomplicated/complicated UTI, skin infections, pna
xBBB

Question 8

ceftaroline

Answer 8

5th gen
treat MRSA and MSSA, work against some VRSA/VISA
no enterobacter, pseudomonas, ESBLE, Klebsiella coverage
Good for bad staph
need renal dosage
IV only
ceftolozane/tazobactam - newest, treats complicated infections