Uren's notes 1

Question 0

Inguinal ligament

Answer 0

Runs from anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 1

4 regions of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 1

Horizontal line drawn at L4 - transumbilical plane RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ Liver is in the RUQ, stomach in the LUQ

Question 2

9 regions of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 2

Two vertical lines from right and left mid-clavicular point Horizontal lines drawn at the subcostal and transtubercle points of the iliac crest

Question 3

Transpyloric plane (TPP)

Answer 3

Vertebral level L1, level at which the spinal cord ends

Question 4

Subcostal plane

Answer 4

Approximate location of inferior mesenteric plane

Question 5

Supracristal plane

Answer 5

Approximate location where abdominal aorta bifurcates

Question 6

Intertubercular plane

Answer 6

Approximate location where R and L common iliac veins join to form IVC

Question 7

Superficial fascia

Answer 7

Camper’s fascia and scarpa’s fascia

Question 8

Camper’s fascia

Answer 8

Outer layer composed predominantly of fat Superficial veins, arteries, and nerves reside in it

Question 9

Scarpa’s fascia

Answer 9

Deep to camper’s fascia Attaches to fascia lata of the thigh, prevents fluid located deep to Scarpa’s fascia from entering into the thigh

Question 10

Nerves of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 10

T7 - xiphoid T10- umbilicus T12 - inguinal

Question 11

Blood supply to anterior abdominal wall superiorly

Answer 11

Musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries (terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery)

Question 12

Blood supply to anterior abdominal wall laterally

Answer 12

10th-12th intercostal arteries

Question 13

Blood supply to anterior abdominal wall inferiorly

Answer 13

Inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries (branches of external iliac arteries)

Question 14

Lymphatics above the umbilicus

Answer 14

Drain into axillary lymph nodes

Question 15

Lymphatics below umbilicus

Answer 15

Drain to superficial inguinal nodes

Question 16

Lateral group muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

Question 17

Anterior group muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 17

Two rectus abdominis

Question 18

Rectus sheath

Answer 18

Encases the two rectus abdominis muscles

Question 19

Anterior rectus sheath

Answer 19

Comprised of aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques

Question 20

Posterior rectus sheath

Answer 20

Comprised of the aponeuroses of the internal obliques and transverse abdominis

Question 21

Arcuate line

Answer 21

Where the posterior rectus sheath ends. Inferior epigastric artery enters the posterior rectus sheath

Question 22

External oblique

Answer 22

Innervated by intercostal nerve T7-T11 Subcostal nerve T12

Question 23

Internal oblique

Answer 23

Innervated by intercostal nerve T7-T11, subcostal nerve T12 Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves L1

Question 24

Transversus abdominis

Answer 24

Innervated by intercostal nerve T7-T11, subcostal nerve T12, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves L1

Question 25

Rectus abdominis

Answer 25

Innervated by intercostal nerve T7-T11, subcostal nerve T12

Question 26

Deep layers of anterior abdominal wall

Answer 26

Fascia transversalis Extraperitoneal fat Parietal peritoneum

Question 27

Exit of the testes from the main body cavity into the scrotum occurs via the

Answer 27

Inguinal canal

Question 28

Inguinal canal

Answer 28

Has two openings: superficial ring and deep ring

Question 29

Inguinal canal in females

Answer 29

Round ligament of the uterus

Question 30

Inguinal canal in males

Answer 30

Spermatic cord

Question 31

Deep ring

Answer 31

Transversalis fascia

Question 32

Superficial ring

Answer 32

External oblique aponeurosis

Question 33

Anterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 33

External oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique muscle

Question 34

Posterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 34

Transversalis fascia

Question 35

Indirect inguinal hernias

Answer 35

Neck of the hernia lies lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and passes through the deep inguinal ring Congenital, common in infants

Question 36

Direct inguinal hernias

Answer 36

Neck of the hernia lies medial to the inferior epigastric vessels Head of the hernia moves into Hesselbach’s triangle