•Overview of the liver Flashcards

0
Q

Liver functions

A

-regulation of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism -regulation of cholesterol production and excretion -β-oxidation of fatty acids -bile acid production -degradation of hormones -detoxification and excretion of drugs and toxins -vitamin storage

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1
Q

_____ of blood comes into the liver from the hepatic artery

A

450 ml/min

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2
Q

_____ of blood comes into the liver from the portal vein

A

1 liter/min

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3
Q

the pressure in the hepatic vein is under _____

A

1 mmHg

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4
Q

interstitial space between parenchymal hepatocytes where lymph is secreted:

A

space of Disse

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5
Q

canals that bile flows through:

A

bile canaliculi

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6
Q

the hallmark obstructive liver disease is ____, which is characterized by ____

A

cirrhosis, scarring

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7
Q

ascites formation

A

increased hepatic vein pressure —> pooling of blood in liver capillaries—> increased capillary hydrostatic pressure —> increased transudation of fluid from plasma and space of Disse into the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen forming ascites

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8
Q

because lymphatics are also involved, in ascites, you get ____ in the fluid

A

proteins

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9
Q

if you have minor ascites, the _____ can absorb fluid to take care of it

A

greater omentum

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10
Q

there is normally ____ of blood in the liver. In hepatomegaly, the liver can increase to ____

A

400 ml, 1 L

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11
Q

jaundice

A

yellowing of skin and eyes from excess bilirubin in the blood

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12
Q

bilirubin is a product of ___

A

RBC metabolism

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13
Q

obstructive jaundice

A

obstruct the ability of bile to be made or secreted so it ends up in the blood instead- cirrhosis, gallstones, biliary atresia, cancer

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14
Q

hepatic jaundice

A

can result from acute or chronic hepatitis, reduces the ability of the hepatic cells to metabolize bilirubin. ex. alcoholic hepatitis

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15
Q

hemolytic jaundice

A

results from anything that increases hemolysis of RBC’s, so that bilirubin production increases faster than bile can excrete it

16
Q

neonatal jaundice

A

not usually pathologic, the GI tract is not mature enough/prepared to process the bilirubin and excrete it

17
Q

how does the liver function as a blood glucose monitor?

A

glycogen storage, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis

18
Q

what hormone stimulates insulin secretion

A

GIP

19
Q

the liver has ____ family glucose transporters which are insulin-_____, allowing for ____

A

GLUT2, insulin-independent, high capacity transport (can’t wait for insulin)

20
Q

if you didn’t have the liver, your blood glucose levels would be about ____ higher

A

3 times

21
Q

most lipoproteins are formed in the ___

A

liver

22
Q

what do HDL’s do?

A

ship lipids back to the liver for processing

23
Q

the liver converts unused carbs to ____

A

TG

24
Q

how does deamination of amino acids occur?

A

aminotransferases remove the amino group to an acceptor. It is transferred or released as ammonia.

25
Q

excess NH3 is removed by production of ____. How does this happen?

A

urea, NH3 combines with CO2

26
Q

___% of plasma proteins (i.e. ____) are made by the liver

A

90, albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

27
Q

what symptoms may occur if the liver can’t function?

A

ascites, jaundice, portal hypertension, bleeding/bruising, cognitive problems, weakness, nausea, cholestasis (reduced bile flow), acidosis