urban processes

Question 1

what are the characteristics and functions of urban and rural places influenced by

Answer 1

by various processes and factors

Question 2

what does the internal morphology of a settlement refer to

Answer 2

the layout of functional zones and transport routes within urban and rural places.

Question 3

what are functional zones

Answer 3

are areas where similar land uses and services are grouped together

Question 4

what processes affect the spatial organization of land use within urban and rural places.

Answer 4

Urban sprawl, invasion and succession, renewal, land use planning, land use competition, inertia, and agglomeration are

Question 5

what do these processes shape

Answer 5

the characteristics and functions of urban and rural areas, determining how land is utilized and how different activities are distributed within a settlement.

Question 6

what is urban sprawl

Answer 6

Urban sprawl refers to the outward expansion of low-density residential and urban development on the outskirts of urban areas.

Question 7

what are examples of Australia cities that experience urban sprawl

Answer 7

Melbourne, Sydney, and Perth, experience significant urban sprawl.

Question 8

what is urban sprawl driven by

Answer 8

by population growth and results in the construction of single-storey, detached homes on the outskirts of cities.

Question 9

what challenges does the expansion of urban sprawl

Answer 9

including encroachment into other land uses and longer distances between residential areas and city centers.

Question 10

what are examples of smaller urban places undergoing growth

Answer 10

Even smaller urban places in Western Australia, like Pinjarra, Waroona, and Albany, are undergoing growth and encroachment on former rural land.

Question 11

in Albany a majority of population growth has occurred where

Answer 11

on the Rural-Urban Fringe in areas such as Lower King and McKail.

Question 12

what is invasion and succession

Answer 12

Invasion and succession refer to the gradual encroachment of one land use type into an area dominated by a different land use, succession has occurred when the invading land use has almost completely transformed the land use in that particular zone.

Question 13

what IMZ and RUF

Answer 13

inner mixed zone and rural-urban fringe

Question 14

where does invasion and succession processes occur

Answer 14

This process occurs in transitional zones, such as the Inner Mixed Zone (IMZ) and Rural-Urban Fringe (RUF).

Question 15

what happens in the IMZ

Answer 15

In the IMZ, different land uses, including business and entertainment facilities, invade and transform original residences and old industrial structures.

The IMZ also experiences the conversion of buildings not originally designed for specific functions, such as medical specialists operating in old houses.

Question 16

example of IMZ

Answer 16

Regional centres like Aberdeen Street in Albany have undergone this transformation from predominantly residential to mixed land use.

Question 17

what happens in RUF

Answer 17

In the RUF, agricultural activities, such as market gardens and hobby farms, are gradually converted into residential or industrial functions due to urban expansion.

Question 18

example of RUF

Answer 18

Suburbs like Lansdale, Neerabup, and Baldivis on the outskirts of Perth exemplify the process of invasion and succession in the RUF.

Question 19

what is the problem with invasion and succession in rural areas

Answer 19

In rural areas with fewer diverse functions, the process of invasion and succession is less visible but still occurs once the invading land use becomes dominant.

Question 20

what is renewal or urban renewal

Answer 20

involves the rehabilitation and redevelopment of urban or rural areas.

Question 21

what does renewal aim to do

Answer 21

It aims to rejuvenate blighted or rundown areas through regeneration, replacement, repair, or renovation

Question 22

who initiates renewal projects

Answer 22

Renewal projects are typically initiated by the government and require comprehensive plans and large-scale redevelopment.

Question 23

do renewal projects require funding

Answer 23

yes, Government funding is often necessary due to the long-term nature of the process and the delayed financial benefits for private investors.

Question 24

what are some examples of renewal projects

Answer 24

include transforming industrial areas into mixed-use sites and upgrading slums into new residential areas.

Question 25

where can smaller scale renewal projects occur and what do they focus on

Answer 25

Smaller-scale renewal projects can occur in non-capital cities and smaller urban centers, focusing on environmental restoration, foreshore stability, and recreation facilities.

Question 26

explain the east Perth redevelopment

Answer 26

A case study of the East Perth Redevelopment shows the transformation of an industrial and blighted area into an upmarket residential zone.

The redevelopment included demolishing blighted structures, redeveloping abandoned warehouses, and revitalizing the polluted Claisebrook creek into Claisebrook Cove with pedestrian walkways and cafes.

Question 27

what is land use planning

Answer 27

The syllabus defines land use planning as planning policies and regulations that play an important role in shaping the land uses and characteristics of urban and rural places.

Question 28

what does land use planning involve

Answer 28

zoning, transport planning, compatible land use grouping, buffer zones, residential density determination, renewal projects, and future growth planning.

Question 29

what are state governments responsible for

Answer 29

State governments are responsible for regional and urban planning.

Question 30

what tasks do state government departments handle

Answer 30

tasks like local transport, land zoning, structural plans, environmental evaluations, and providing education and health facilities.

Question 31

what do long term growth plans guide and give examples

Answer 31

major Australian cities’ development over 20 to 30 years, such as Perth and Peel@3.5million, A Metropolis of Three Cities - the Greater Sydney Region Plan, Melbourne 2030, and Living Adelaide.

Question 32

what do regional plans consider

Answer 32

Regional plans consider the needs of urban and rural areas, like the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme, Albany Local Planning Strategy, and Peel Region Scheme.

Question 33

what do these plans promote

Answer 33

These plans promote sustainable development, considering future population growth, residential and work patterns, leisure activities, and transportation needs.

Question 34

what is land use competition

Answer 34

the competition that occurs between different land use functions when more than one one land use can benefit from a particular location

Question 35

what do land use functions tend to do

Answer 35

cluster together in urban areas due to processes and land use competition

Question 36

when does land use competition occur

Answer 36

Land use competition occurs when different functions compete for the same location, increasing land value.

Question 37

what are highly assessable locations, such as city centres and major intersections

Answer 37

are desirable and expensive due to lower transportation costs and potential customer interactions.

Question 38

where are the functions that pay the most and gain the greatest profit from a small area of land located

Answer 38

in these central locations

Question 39

what determines the profitability of different land uses

Answer 39

economic rent, or profit per unit area of land

Question 40

what do land use competition and economic rent explain

Answer 40

the intensive land use in city centres, known as CBDs, with high rise buildings

Question 41

do smaller urban and rural areas areas also have profitable business concentrated

Answer 41

Smaller urban and rural areas also have profitable businesses concentrated in their town centers.

Question 42

what do you notice as you move from the CBD to the outskirts

Answer 42

Urban areas have distinctive land use zones as you move from the CBD to the outskirts.

Question 43

what is inertia

Answer 43

The syllabus defines inertia as resistance to movement; for example, factories that would benefit from changing location but instead decisions are made to keep them where they are located

Question 44

when does inertia occur

Answer 44

inertia occurs when a land use function remains in its original location despite the loss of the original benefits that attracted it there.

Question 45

what contributes to resistance to change and relocation

Answer 45

High relocation costs and the preservation of heritage buildings

Question 46

what do older buildings with social, cultural or historical significance cause

Answer 46

like St John’s Anglican Church in Albany, may remain surrounded by other land use functions that are economically more viable in their location.

Question 47

what is an example of inertia

Answer 47

The old Perth Town Hall and Old Treasury Buildings in Perth exemplify inertia due to their historical and cultural significance, maintaining their present state and location despite the potential for higher economic returns through commercial development.

Question 48

what do these examples show in relation to inertia

Answer 48

These examples highlight how inertia can affect land use decisions in urban areas, prioritizing heritage preservation over economic considerations.

Question 49

what is agglomeration

Answer 49

The syllabus defines agglomeration as a group of similar, but not necessarily the same, land uses that locate in the same area in order to benefit from common infrastructure and each other’s operation.

Question 50

what does agglomeration explain

Answer 50

Agglomeration explains the tendency of various land use functions such as retail, industrial, commercial, educational, medical, recreational, and residential to cluster together.

Question 51

land use functions agglomerate due to

Answer 51

shared infrastructure, information, services, compatibility, and increased access to customers.

Question 52

in cities, industrial functions often..

Answer 52

often group together in separate locations from residential areas, attracted by existing infrastructure like transport routes, power supplies, and port facilities.

Question 53

where do professional services like lawyers chambers tend to locate near where

Answer 53

near law counts in major Australian cities

Question 54

why do retain outlets often cluster together

Answer 54

to attract “comparison shoppers,” such as high-end retailers, fashion stores, and luxury department stores in specific precincts.

Question 55

where else does agglomeration occur

Answer 55

Agglomeration also occurs in rural areas catering to farming communities, with examples like Cunderdin’s main street in the WA wheatbelt hosting multiple rural supplies outlets.