urban processes Flashcards
what are the characteristics and functions of urban and rural places influenced by
by various processes and factors
what does the internal morphology of a settlement refer to
the layout of functional zones and transport routes within urban and rural places.
what are functional zones
are areas where similar land uses and services are grouped together
what processes affect the spatial organization of land use within urban and rural places.
Urban sprawl, invasion and succession, renewal, land use planning, land use competition, inertia, and agglomeration are
what do these processes shape
the characteristics and functions of urban and rural areas, determining how land is utilized and how different activities are distributed within a settlement.
what is urban sprawl
Urban sprawl refers to the outward expansion of low-density residential and urban development on the outskirts of urban areas.
what are examples of Australia cities that experience urban sprawl
Melbourne, Sydney, and Perth, experience significant urban sprawl.
what is urban sprawl driven by
by population growth and results in the construction of single-storey, detached homes on the outskirts of cities.
what challenges does the expansion of urban sprawl
including encroachment into other land uses and longer distances between residential areas and city centers.
what are examples of smaller urban places undergoing growth
Even smaller urban places in Western Australia, like Pinjarra, Waroona, and Albany, are undergoing growth and encroachment on former rural land.
in Albany a majority of population growth has occurred where
on the Rural-Urban Fringe in areas such as Lower King and McKail.
what is invasion and succession
Invasion and succession refer to the gradual encroachment of one land use type into an area dominated by a different land use, succession has occurred when the invading land use has almost completely transformed the land use in that particular zone.
what IMZ and RUF
inner mixed zone and rural-urban fringe
where does invasion and succession processes occur
This process occurs in transitional zones, such as the Inner Mixed Zone (IMZ) and Rural-Urban Fringe (RUF).
what happens in the IMZ
In the IMZ, different land uses, including business and entertainment facilities, invade and transform original residences and old industrial structures.
The IMZ also experiences the conversion of buildings not originally designed for specific functions, such as medical specialists operating in old houses.
example of IMZ
Regional centres like Aberdeen Street in Albany have undergone this transformation from predominantly residential to mixed land use.
what happens in RUF
In the RUF, agricultural activities, such as market gardens and hobby farms, are gradually converted into residential or industrial functions due to urban expansion.
example of RUF
Suburbs like Lansdale, Neerabup, and Baldivis on the outskirts of Perth exemplify the process of invasion and succession in the RUF.
what is the problem with invasion and succession in rural areas
In rural areas with fewer diverse functions, the process of invasion and succession is less visible but still occurs once the invading land use becomes dominant.
what is renewal or urban renewal
involves the rehabilitation and redevelopment of urban or rural areas.
what does renewal aim to do
It aims to rejuvenate blighted or rundown areas through regeneration, replacement, repair, or renovation
who initiates renewal projects
Renewal projects are typically initiated by the government and require comprehensive plans and large-scale redevelopment.
do renewal projects require funding
yes, Government funding is often necessary due to the long-term nature of the process and the delayed financial benefits for private investors.
what are some examples of renewal projects
include transforming industrial areas into mixed-use sites and upgrading slums into new residential areas.
where can smaller scale renewal projects occur and what do they focus on
Smaller-scale renewal projects can occur in non-capital cities and smaller urban centers, focusing on environmental restoration, foreshore stability, and recreation facilities.
explain the east Perth redevelopment
A case study of the East Perth Redevelopment shows the transformation of an industrial and blighted area into an upmarket residential zone.
The redevelopment included demolishing blighted structures, redeveloping abandoned warehouses, and revitalizing the polluted Claisebrook creek into Claisebrook Cove with pedestrian walkways and cafes.
what is land use planning
The syllabus defines land use planning as planning policies and regulations that play an important role in shaping the land uses and characteristics of urban and rural places.
what does land use planning involve
zoning, transport planning, compatible land use grouping, buffer zones, residential density determination, renewal projects, and future growth planning.
what are state governments responsible for
State governments are responsible for regional and urban planning.
what tasks do state government departments handle
tasks like local transport, land zoning, structural plans, environmental evaluations, and providing education and health facilities.
what do long term growth plans guide and give examples
major Australian cities’ development over 20 to 30 years, such as Perth and Peel@3.5million, A Metropolis of Three Cities - the Greater Sydney Region Plan, Melbourne 2030, and Living Adelaide.
what do regional plans consider
Regional plans consider the needs of urban and rural areas, like the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme, Albany Local Planning Strategy, and Peel Region Scheme.
what do these plans promote
These plans promote sustainable development, considering future population growth, residential and work patterns, leisure activities, and transportation needs.
what is land use competition
the competition that occurs between different land use functions when more than one one land use can benefit from a particular location
what do land use functions tend to do
cluster together in urban areas due to processes and land use competition
when does land use competition occur
Land use competition occurs when different functions compete for the same location, increasing land value.
what are highly assessable locations, such as city centres and major intersections
are desirable and expensive due to lower transportation costs and potential customer interactions.
where are the functions that pay the most and gain the greatest profit from a small area of land located
in these central locations
what determines the profitability of different land uses
economic rent, or profit per unit area of land
what do land use competition and economic rent explain
the intensive land use in city centres, known as CBDs, with high rise buildings
do smaller urban and rural areas areas also have profitable business concentrated
Smaller urban and rural areas also have profitable businesses concentrated in their town centers.
what do you notice as you move from the CBD to the outskirts
Urban areas have distinctive land use zones as you move from the CBD to the outskirts.
what is inertia
The syllabus defines inertia as resistance to movement; for example, factories that would benefit from changing location but instead decisions are made to keep them where they are located
when does inertia occur
inertia occurs when a land use function remains in its original location despite the loss of the original benefits that attracted it there.
what contributes to resistance to change and relocation
High relocation costs and the preservation of heritage buildings
what do older buildings with social, cultural or historical significance cause
like St John’s Anglican Church in Albany, may remain surrounded by other land use functions that are economically more viable in their location.
what is an example of inertia
The old Perth Town Hall and Old Treasury Buildings in Perth exemplify inertia due to their historical and cultural significance, maintaining their present state and location despite the potential for higher economic returns through commercial development.
what do these examples show in relation to inertia
These examples highlight how inertia can affect land use decisions in urban areas, prioritizing heritage preservation over economic considerations.
what is agglomeration
The syllabus defines agglomeration as a group of similar, but not necessarily the same, land uses that locate in the same area in order to benefit from common infrastructure and each other’s operation.
what does agglomeration explain
Agglomeration explains the tendency of various land use functions such as retail, industrial, commercial, educational, medical, recreational, and residential to cluster together.
land use functions agglomerate due to
shared infrastructure, information, services, compatibility, and increased access to customers.
in cities, industrial functions often..
often group together in separate locations from residential areas, attracted by existing infrastructure like transport routes, power supplies, and port facilities.
where do professional services like lawyers chambers tend to locate near where
near law counts in major Australian cities
why do retain outlets often cluster together
to attract “comparison shoppers,” such as high-end retailers, fashion stores, and luxury department stores in specific precincts.
where else does agglomeration occur
Agglomeration also occurs in rural areas catering to farming communities, with examples like Cunderdin’s main street in the WA wheatbelt hosting multiple rural supplies outlets.