changing demographics in urban and rural places Flashcards
what are demographics
Demographics refer to the characteristics of a population, including age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.
what does understanding the demographic composition and trends help to do
helps planners, governments, and businesses provide for the needs of the population.
what is the main source of information for analysing population characteristic and needs
Demographic statistical data, collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) through the Census of Population and Housing every five years,
describe Australia’s population growth over time
significantly over time, from 3,773,801 in 1901 to 25,422,788 in 2021.
what is the population divided into
The population is divided into different generations, with Millennials and Baby Boomers being the largest at 21.5% each.
what do age and gender distribution show
distinct patterns between urban and rural places.
why is australias population aging
due to low fertility and increasing life expectancy, resulting in proportionally fewer children and a larger proportion of people aged 65 and over.
describe age in urban places
In urban places, people aged 20 to 49 years are the largest age group, comprising 44% of the population in capital cities. People aged 50 and over make up a smaller proportion in capital cities compared to the rest of Australia.
describe age in rural areas
In rural places, the young adult generation tends to move away, leading to population loss, lower densities, and an ageing population. Rural places have a higher proportion of people aged 50 to 85 years and above, except for resource-rich areas where the workforce is dominated by the 20-to-44-year age group.
Retirees often move to rural places for a quieter lifestyle, leading to higher populations over 55 years of age in retirement destinations.
describe gender in urban areas
The sex ratio in Australia is slightly more females than males, but urban places have a slightly higher share of females. The gender difference is most noticeable in the population aged 85 years and over, reflecting the longer life expectancy of females.
describe gender in rural areas
Gender differences are more pronounced in rural and remote areas due to male-dominated industries such as mining, energy, agriculture, and government departments.
what is socialoeconomic
Socioeconomic status refers to the social and economic position of a given individual, fmailies or group of individuals within society.
how is socialoeconomic determined
Socioeconomic status is determined by indicators such as income, wealth, education, occupation type, and place of residence.
what do urban dwellers usually have in relation to socialoeconomic
Urban dwellers generally have a higher socioeconomic status compared to rural residents.
why do capital cities have high average wages
Capital cities have higher average incomes due to a wider range of employment opportunities and specialized professional services with higher salaries.
what can be exception to higher housing values in urban places
mining communities can be exceptions to this trend.
what can urban areas have extreme of
have extremes of wealth and poverty, as well as higher numbers of unemployed individuals and welfare recipients.
what do urban places have
have a higher number and proportion of residents with tertiary education qualifications.
what do rural areas, including smaller towns tend to have
tend to have lower average incomes, limited job opportunities, and income-generating industries.
what are exceptions to rural areas having lower average incomes
Some agricultural locations and rural mining communities can have high average incomes, but there are exceptions to this pattern.
what do remote indigenous communities have
very low average incomes
where can changes in socio-economic trends occur
trends can occur in rural mining communities due to shifts in employment models and industry activities.
what do rural mining communities have
high proportion of workers with trade qualifications.
what does Australia have culturally
has a diverse cultural makeup with a history of migration since colonisation in 1788.
what have waves of migration been influenced by
by factors such as economic growth, global events, and government policies.
what did the victorian gold rush attract
The Victorian gold rushes in the 1850s attracted migrants from Britain, Europe (especially Germany), and China.
who did the white Australian policy restrict
The ‘White Australia Policy’ implemented in the late 1800s restricted non-European migrants but was gradually dismantled between 1949 and 1973.
what happened post 1945
skilled migrants from the UK, Eastern Europe, Italy, Greece, and the Middle East arrived in Australia.
what happened In the 1970s
In the 1970s, migrants from Vietnam, East Timor, and the Balkans came to Australia.
when did Australia adopted a national multicultural policy
1978
which countries have seen an influx of refugees from
such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Sudan, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, and Syria.
where has the proportion of the Australian population born overseas come from
Asian nations, while the proportion from the UK, New Zealand, and European countries is decreasing.
what were the top countries of birth outside of Australia and their %
England 3.6 per cent (down from 3.9 per cent in 2016)
India 2.6 per cent (up from 1.9 per cent in 2016
China 2.2 per cent (no change from 2016)
New Zealand 2.1 per cent (down from 2.2 per cent in 2016)
Philippines 1.2 per cent (up from 1.0 per cent in 2016).
where has their been growth in communities from
Nepal, India, Pakistan, Iraq, and the Philippines.
what is happening to the median age of the overseas born population
has been gradually decreasing, while the median age of the Australian-born population has been increasing.
what has a decreasing median age of the overseas born population caused
slowed the ageing of the total population.
does the median age vary among different cultural grounds
yes, with the Italian-born population having a higher median age compared to the Indian-born population.
where are migrants more likely to settle
in large cities, where they initially arrived
what does chain migration play a role in
determining the cultural and ethnic mixes of urban places, as migrants often move to areas where their relatives or people from their original location have settled.
what cultures are popular in Melbourne
Melbourne has a significant Greek population, the largest outside of Greece, as well as a high proportion of Indian and Vietnamese migrants.
what cultures are popular in Perth
Perth has a higher proportion of British, South African, and Middle Eastern migrants compared to other Australian cities, possibly due to proximity and chain migration.
what cultures are popular in Sydney
Sydney has the highest proportion of Chinese migrants and a significant number of migrants from Lebanon.
which cities have the highest numbers of overseas born residents and a diverse cultural mix
Perth, Melbourne, and Sydney
who does rural places attract
Rural places often attract migrants with skills relevant to the local agricultural industries.
what did the riverina region in NSW and Victoria attracted
Italian migrants with expertise in citrus fruit and grape production after World War II.
where is a significant Vietnamese community
Geraldton, along the mid-west coast of WA, has a significant Vietnamese community who settled in the area following the Vietnam War, as well as a notable Filipino community.
The Vietnamese population in the Greater Geraldton area increased by 40.8% between 2016 and 2021.
how much is the Vietnamese population in Geraldton increasing by
increased by 40.8% between 2016 and 2021.
