site and situation and urban morphology of New York Flashcards
describe the site of New York
Deep-water harbour discovered by Verrazzano becomes global maritime hub.
Availability of fresh water from Hudson River and creeks, along with raw materials for construction.
Presence of islands (Manhattan, Staten, Long) leads to high urban density and vertical zoning.
Brownstone from nearby quarries becomes favoured building material for middle class.
NYC situated on Atlantic coastal plain with undulating land, featuring stable schist geology for iconic skyscrapers.
describe the situation of new york
NYC’s strategic location at 40°45’28”N, 73°59’09”W enabled triangular trade.
Positioned on the Atlantic coast, it’s about 350km SW from Boston and 430km NE from Washington D.C.
Part of New York State, bordering New Jersey, with five boroughs divided by waterways.
Dense transit system including subways, railways, and highways connects city to neighboring areas.
Bridges and tunnels, like the Long Island Expressway, contribute to efficient transportation network.
describe the External morphology
Morphology studies form and shape, with a city’s outer shape known as external morphology.
what does manhatten exhibant
Manhattan exhibits linear morphology across its 21.6-kilometer length, while the whole metropolitan area is multicellular.
how far does the metro area span
Metropolitan area spans 790 square kilometers, divided into five boroughs dissected by rivers and islands.
what did waterway access aid in
Waterway access, especially around Manhattan, aided early settlers and trade.
what did the expansion of external morphology rely on
Expansion of external morphology relied on bridge and tunnel tech overcoming river barriers, fostering economic hubs; coastline and mountains now limit development.
what did transportation network shape
Transportation networks shaped both external and internal morphology of NYC.
what did the grid feature
Grid featured 12 wide north-south avenues and 155 east-west streets, altering the city’s internal layout.
what did avenues closer and wider toward the waterfront do
Avenues closer and wider toward waterfront, accommodating commerce and industry.
what happened in 1807
Grid’s effectiveness in land management and commerce evident across boroughs, proposed in 1807.
what is NYC key feature
NYC CBD’s key feature is accessibility; multi-nuclei including Financial District, Midtown.
where is the CBD considered to be
CBD often considered below 60th Street or Central Park; Financial District due to historic harbor access.
describe the CBD
Compact Financial District with irregular streets, intense land use competition, vertical zoning in skyscrapers.
Commerce and finance hub, NYSE significant; Midtown accessible, hub for rail and bus routes, offering retail and entertainment.
what does midtown see
Midtown sees substantial pedestrian movement, emphasized in areas like Times Square through traffic diversion.
what does inner mixed zones include
Inner Mixed Zone (IMZ) includes older neighborhoods near CBD with diverse land uses like warehouses, offices, apartments, and more.
what does the IMZ surround
NYC’s IMZ surrounds Financial District and Midtown, encompassing trendy areas like SoHo, TriBeCa, and Chelsea.
what did manhattan IMZ transform
Manhattan’s IMZ transformed industrial spaces into stylish destinations, e.g., designer boutiques in SoHo, loft apartments in TriBeCa, and High Line in Chelsea.
where does IMZ extend to
IMZ extended to surrounding areas: Brooklyn (Greenpoint, Williamsburg), Queens (Hunters Point), New Jersey (Hoboken).
what happend to manhattans former slums
Lower Manhattan’s former slums gentrified, exemplified by Tenement Museum; changing functions due to land use competition, invasion, and succession.
how is NYC dominant in residential zone
in terms of spatial extent, offering diverse dwellings.
what are some recognizable residential zones
Recognizable residential zones on Manhattan Island include Central Park, Harlem, and the Bronx.
what have upper west and upper east south after
Exclusive Upper West and Upper East Sides highly sought-after with Central Park and Midtown access.
what is manhattan median property sale
Manhattan’s median property sale price around $17,000/sq meter, among world’s priciest; high residential density encourages riverfront high-rise condos.
what has been happening since the 1950s
Ongoing redevelopment since the 1950s removes slums; urban renewal in neighborhoods like SoHo, Lower East Side, Chelsea.
what does housing futher away offer
Residential housing farther from center (Long Island, outer boroughs) features larger homes, attracting with affordability, space, and less congestion.
Describe outer business districts
Outer Business Districts (OBDS) spread throughout the metropolitan area, serving local neighborhoods.
where is OBDS located
OBDS located in Brooklyn, Jamaica, Staten Island, Harlem, Long Island, South Bronx, and beyond.
what are examples of OBD
Examples include multi-level malls like Atlantic Terminal in Brooklyn, with subway stations on lower floors and retail shops, cafes, and restaurants above.
what do these OBDS help out
These OBDS aggregate central business functions and cater to surrounding communities.
describe Special purpose zones
NYC has scattered special purpose zones, including UN Headquarters in Manhattan’s Turtle Bay.
what do central park and prospect park show
showcase historical preservation of urban environment.
what does inertia often limit
Inertia often limits function change, like Coney Island’s amusement area; some sites may have lost original benefits.
what is well linked to publci transport
Sports venues like Citi Field, Yankee Stadium, and Madison Square Garden are well-linked to public transport, distributed across boroughs.
describe Industrial zones
Centrifugal forces moved NYC’s manufacturing away from the core.
Land use competition altered manufacturing’s size and location; efforts to safeguard districts led to 16 Industrial Zones established in 2006.
Agglomeration plays a role, seen in places like Brooklyn Navy Yard with 500+ manufacturing, design, and tech businesses.
describe Rural-urban fringe
Upstate New York north of core metro area, includes Westchester on Rural-Urban Fringe (RUF).
RUF areas lack clear boundaries due to urban encroachment; residential developments encroach into agricultural zones.
Transition seen in traditional agricultural areas like dairying and horticulture on Long Island, impacting land use.
