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Geography > Urban Issues and Challenges - Lagos > Flashcards

Urban Issues and Challenges - Lagos Flashcards

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1
Q

In what two ways is Lagos regionally important

A
  • it is important in its provision of schools, universities and hospitals
  • there is a thriving arts and cultural scene in Lagos
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2
Q

in what 3 ways is Lagos important nationally

A
  • 80% Nigeria’s industry is located in Lagos
  • Most of Nigeria’s imports and exports pass through its docks
  • Lagos is Nigeria’s media centre, with many newspapers and television channels operating in the city
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3
Q

in what 2 ways is Lagos important internationally

A
  • Lagos has one of the highest standards of living in Africa

- the biggest oil refinery in the world is being built on the outskirts of Lagos

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4
Q

Where is Lagos located

A

On the south-west border of Africa, in the Gulf of Guinea. Located on the southwest coast of Nigeria which sits between the countries of Niger, Benin and Cameroon

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5
Q

how many people migrate to Lagos a year

A

275,000

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6
Q

how has natural increase affected the growth of Lagos

A

The high rate of migration has resulted in more than half of the population is under 25 years old, which in turn leads to a high rate of natural increase due to the higher birth rate

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7
Q

how has urban growth created employment opportunities

A
  • unemployment in Lagos is only 10%
  • Lagos has thousands of markets run by citizens so that even if you can’t find a formal job, there are ways of king money in the informal sector
  • Lagos factory workers earn about 3 times the wages than farm workers in rural Nigeria
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8
Q

what opportunities has urban growth created

A
  • access to services
  • access to resources
  • employment
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9
Q

How has urban growth created opportunities in regard to access to services

A
  • Lagos have the best equipped hospitals in Africa which means LIFE EXPECTANCY HAS RISEN FROM37 YEARS IN 1960 TO 53 YRS.
  • state schools operated by the government offer a free education for 9 years
  • an educated work force are more likely to attracted international investment
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10
Q

How has urban growth created opportunities in regard to access to resources

A
  • Lagos Water Corporation supplies over 12 million people with drinking water
  • Lagos does provide better access to lighting and power however there are frequent power cuts. So currently 80% population relies on diesel generation
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11
Q

how are urban industrial areas a stimulus for economic development

A

’

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12
Q

What challenges has urban growth caused in Lagos

A
  • managing urban growth
  • providing clean water, sanitation, and energy
  • providing access to services: healthcare and education
  • reducing unemployment and crime
  • managing environmental issues
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13
Q

what % new jobs created in Lagos are in the informal sector

A

90%

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14
Q

what are the 4 main advantages of Lagos’ location for industry

A
  • near the sea (ports)
  • flat land (easier to build on)
  • room to expand
  • near the lagoon (fishing industry)
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15
Q

what are the human issues of slums and squatter settlements

A
  • 75% households occupy only one room

- 38% households lack a kitchen, bath and toilet

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16
Q

in what ways is providing clean water, sanitation systems and energy a challenge in Lagos

A
  • 90% population dig wells/boreholes (contaminated) or buy water from street vendors (inexplicably expensive)
  • Most people either dig pit latrines (which ends up contaminating groundwater) or put sewage straight into the sea (pollution)
17
Q

in what ways is providing access to services a challenge in Lagos

A
  • healthcare is available but not free and given the lack of doctors, there are often large queues
  • government offers free education for 9 years but many children are not able to attend because they have to work instead
18
Q

in what ways is reducing unemployment and crime a challenge in Lagos

A
  • as there is no unemployment benefit, people are forced to earn money themselves illegally in the informal sector (don’t pay taxes). These jobs are often poorly paid, unregulated and often dangerous
  • crime rates are extremely high as the police are underfunded, slow to respond, and carry out poor investigations after the crime meaning no one really fears arrest.
19
Q

how is managing waste disposal an issue in Lagos

A
  • just 40% of waste produced is collected by the authorities which is then simply dumped in huge landfill sites such as Olusosun
20
Q

how is managing air and water pollution a challenge in Lagos

A
  • air pollution is 5 times higher than the international recommended limit as most people use diesel generators for their electricity
  • there are only 5 waste water treatment plants in the whole city
21
Q

how is managing traffic congestion an issue in Lagos

A
  • the average Lagosian commuter spends 3 hours a day in traffic (delay people to work -> lose money)
  • 204 vehicles per km compared to just 24 in New York
22
Q

How have Lagos authorities tried to alleviate the issue of traffic congestion

A

A Bus Rapid Transit scheme which has introduced a separate lane for buses which transports 200,000 people a day

23
Q

what is an example of urban planning in Lagos

A
  • building of a floating school in Makoko
24
Q

when was the floating school built and by who

A
  • in 2013 by NLE works
25
Q

social benefits of the Makoko floating school

A
  • up to 100 student could be educated for FREE
  • it was built by unskilled local workers who learnt new techniques which helped to build and repair their own homes
  • the school was used for local community meetings and activities, increasing community spirit
26
Q

economic benefits of the Makoko floating school

A
  • improved the children’s job prospects
  • provided jobs for teachers
  • the schools success encouraged the government to launch its Makoko/Iwaya Regeneration Plan
27
Q

environmental benefits of the Makoko floating school

A
  • built using locally sourced materials (also meant it was easy to repair)
  • the buoyancy helped protect from floods and rising sea levels
  • ran on solar power
  • collected rainwater to meet its water needs

Geography (30 decks)

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