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Geography > Glacial landscapes in the UK > Flashcards

Glacial landscapes in the UK Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do glaciers move downhill

A

Because of gravity and the weight of the ice

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2
Q

Basal Sliding

A

The movement of glaciers using meltwater under the ice as lubricant

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3
Q

Abrasion

A

Rock stuck in the ice grinds against rock underneath the glacier

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4
Q

Plucking

A

Meltwater freezes onto the rock at the sides and base of the glacier. When the glacier moves forward the rock gets pulled out and along with it.

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5
Q

Rotational Slip

A

Ice moves in a circular rotation eroding landscape into bowl shapes

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6
Q

Freeze thaw weathering

A

Water in cracks freezes and expands putting pressure on the rock. Then the ice thaws releasing the pressure. Repetition of this weakens the rock.

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7
Q

What does plucking do

A

It steepens the back wall of the Corrie

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8
Q

What does abrasion do

A

It deepens the Corrie base

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9
Q

Till

A

A mixture of material carried by glaciers

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10
Q

Arête

A

A narrow steep sided ridge formed when two glaciers flow in parallel valleys

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11
Q

Corrie

A

Steep sided armchair shape with a lip at the bottom end

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12
Q

Ribbon lakes

A

Long thin lake formed when soft rock gets eroded faster than surrounding hard rock

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13
Q

U-shaped valley

A

Steep sided valley with a flat floor. Formed when the glacier erodes a v-shaped valley into a U-shaped valley.

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14
Q

Pyramidal peak

A

Pointed peak formed by at least three back to back glaciers

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15
Q

What is the last 1.8million years called

A

Pleistocene

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16
Q

How many years ago did the last glacial end

A

10 000 years ago

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17
Q

What causes the interglacial peroids

A

to do with the orbit of our planet around the sun and its tilt

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18
Q

Formation of a glacier

A

Ice forms where enough snow builds up and pressure causes it to slowly compact and increase in density. This process takes more than a hundred years

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19
Q

subglacial material

A

material is plucked from the rock beneath the glacier so is carried under the ice

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20
Q

Englacial material

A

some materials fall into crevasses and is carried in the ice

21
Q

supraglacial material

A

some material falls onto the ice from surrounding mountain sides and is carried on top

22
Q

Bulldozing

A

when a glacier moves forward it acts like a giant earthmover, bulldozing piles of rock debris in front of it.

23
Q

where does moraine come from

A

when sediment that was carried along by the glacier gets deposited

24
Q

What is a positive mass balance

A

when accumulation is greater than ablation

25
Q

Inputs at an accumulation zone

A

Avalanches and snowfall

26
Q

Outputs at an ablation zone

A

Evaporation and outwash

27
Q

What is the Net Glacier Balance

A

where the gain from accumulation matches losses from ablation

28
Q

Why do corrie lips form

A

because there is less erosion at the front where the glacier leaves the corrie hollow to flow down the valley

29
Q

Example of an Arete

A

Crib Goch, Snowdonia in North Wales

30
Q

Example of a Glacial Trough

A

Nant Francon Valley, Snowdonia, North Wales

31
Q

2 ways of making ribbon lakes

A

Differential erosion
When 2 glaciers join (they are more powerful together so erode the basin floor easier)

32
Q

How are interlocking spurs formed

A

when a river erodes the upper valley it cuts down while meandering in and out of the surrounding rock

33
Q

What are drumlins

A

smooth, long mounds of material formed parallel to the ice movement, often found in swarms

34
Q

How are drumlins created

A

When the glacier deposits material too heavy to carry any longer and forms mounds. This then gets smoothed over time and ends up with a smooth uphill side and a steep downhill side

35
Q

How are drumlins used in the present day

A
  • good for hill sheep farming
  • good for settlements as they raise the land. houses can be build above the muddy flood plain
36
Q

Moraine

A

Unsorted material produced by glacial erosion

37
Q

Ground Moraine

A

Found underneath the glacier

38
Q

Terminal moraine

A

Found deposited in a ridge at the maximum advance of the ice

39
Q

Lateral moraine

A

come from the valley side and are found running parallel to those valley sides

40
Q

Medial moraine

A

Found running down the middle of a valley formed by two lateral moraines from two glaciers coming together

41
Q

Recessional Moraine

A

Found running parallel to terminal moraine and mark the retreat of a glacier where the ice has been static for long enough

42
Q

Five types of moraine

A

Ground
Terminal
Lateral
Medial
Recessional

43
Q

Example of a location of drumlins

A

to the South East of Kendal

44
Q

How does quarrying in Upland areas attract tourists

A

Some slate mines and quarries are becoming tourist attractions as they are sometimes used in films

45
Q

Quarrying in upland areas

A

Granite, slate and limestone quarried extensively
Lake District is the centre of slate quarrying which is used for roofing tiles

46
Q

What farming is done in upland areas

A

NO CROPS
steep slopes, high rainfall, cool temperatures, low sunshine, hard rocks and thin soils mean that they aren’t possible
HILL SHEEP FARMING
it occupies large areas of land and is low in intensity of capital and labour

47
Q

How are the upland areas used for forestry

A

extensive coniferous woodland been planted as it is very fast growing
used for timbre, furniture, biofuels and building

48
Q

How are the upland areas used in tourism

A

Lakes and mountains offer walking, climbing and watersports
military training means low flying planes = free air show
beautiful scenery

Geography (30 decks)

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