Upper respiration

Question 1

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Capsule, Elixir, Syrup, tablets.

Ethanolamines

Answer 1

Antihistamine’s 1st generation

Treat:

• sleep aid
• Antitussive
• Allergic rhinitis and itching
• Prevent motion sickness

*Block, histamine-> decrease allergic response

CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue
CV: palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia.
EENT: Blurred vision
GI: dry mouth, reduced secretions, V/D, constipation, abdominal pain.
GU: Urine retention.
Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia.
Respiratory: thickening of bronchial secretions
Skin: Rash, photosensitivity.
Other: anaphylactic shock.

Question 2

Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Gelcaps, Oral suspension, tablet.

Piperidines

Answer 2

Antihistamine 2nd generation

Also known as non-sedating antihistamines
Cause fewer anticholinergic symptoms

CNS: fatigue, drowsiness, headache, insomnia
EENT: nasopharyngitis, rhinorrhea.
GI: N/V/D, abdominal pain
Musculoskeletal: back pain, myalgia (muscle pain).
Respiratory: cough, URI

Question 3

Ephedrine (Akovaz)

Injection

Adrenergic

Answer 3

Vasopressors
Treat:
-Nasal congestion
-Nasal & systemic Decongestants

Dilation of nasal blood vessels caused by infection, inflammation, or an allergy-> Transudation of fluids into tissue spaces->swelling of nasal cavity

*Nasal decongestants stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptor->vascular constriction of capillaries in nasal mucosa-> shrinking of nasal mucous membranes and reduction in fluid secretion (runny nose)

CNS: dizziness, restlessness
CV: palpitation, arrhythmias, tachycardia, bradycardia.
GI: nausea, vomiting.

Question 4

Budesonide (Pulmicort)

Dry powder inhaler, inhalation suspension, nasal spray

Intranasal Glucocorticoids

Answer 4

Corticosteroids

• Treat allergic rhinitis
• have anti-inflammation action-> ↓the allergic symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion.

CNS: headache, asthenia (weakness), insomnia.
EENT: sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media
GI: abdominal pain, dry mouth, dyspepsia, D/N/V
Metabolic: weight gain
Musculoskeletal: back pain, myalgia (muscle pain).
Respiratory: bronchospasm
Skin: rash, pruritus
Other: flulike symptoms.

Question 5

Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)
Gelcaps, liquid, lozenges, solutions

Levorphanol derivatives

Answer 5

Antitussives

• Provide temporary suppression of nonproductive cough
• reduce viscosity of tenacious secretions

*inhibits cough center in medulla

CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, irritability
GI: N/V/ stomach pain
Other: hallucinations

Question 6

Guaifenesin (Mucinex)

Capsule, liquid, syrup, tablets.

Propanediol derivatives

Answer 6

Expectorants

Loosen bronchial secretionseliminate by coughing

CNS: dizziness, headache
GI: V/N/ GI discomfort
Skin: rash, urticaria