Antidiabetics Drug Flashcards
gilpizide
glyburide
glimepiride
Sulfonylureas
- higher chance of Hypoglycemia
- stimulate pancreas ( beta cells) make more insulin
metformin
Biguanides
- inhibit production of glucose by liver
- increase body tissue sensitivity to insulin
acarbose
miglitol
Alpha- glycosidase inhibitors
-delay absorption of complex carbohydrates
sitagliptin
vildagliptin
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
-Increase and prolong the action of incretin, a hormone that increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels, with the result of improved glucose control
liraglutide
dulaglutide
Glucagon-like peptide -1 agonist (GLP-1)
-Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and exhibit other antihyperglycemic actions following their release into the circulation from the gastrointestinal tract.
anagliflozin
empagliflozin
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGL-2) inhibitors
-For type 2 diabetes only. Prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood, therefore lowering glucose by releasing glucose into the urine
pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones )
-Sensitize body tissue to insulin; stimulate insulin receptor sites to lower blood glucose and improve action of insulin
Lispro (Humalog)
aspart (Novolog)
Rapid acting
Humulin R
Novolin R,
Iletin II
Short acting or Regular insulin
Regular insulin is a clear solution and is usually given 15 minutes before a meal, either alone or in combination with a longer-acting insulin. Regular insulin can be administered IV.
Humulin N
Novolin N
Lente
Intermediate-acting insulins are called NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn) or Lente insulin
Glargine
Lantus
Very long acting
-onset 1-6hrs, No peak, duration: 24-36hrs)– “Peakless” basal or very long-acting insulins. Because the insulin is in a suspension with a pH of 4, it cannot be mixed with other insulins because this would cause precipitation. to be given once a day at any time of the day but must be given at the same time each day to prevent overlap of action.
