Hypertension

Question 1

Furosemide (Lasix) 40mg

Diuretics-hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, spironolactone

Answer 1

• CNS: vertigo, dizziness, headache.
• Blurred vision, transient deafness.
• Hypotension.
• Abdominal discomfort.

Question 2

Clonidine (Catapres)
Centrally acting alpha agonists

Alpha2 Agonist

Answer 2

decrease sympathetic response from the brainstem into peripheral vessels
*stimulate Alpha 2 receptor: Reduce peripheral vascular resistance, and ↑vasodilation

CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, sedation, weakness.
CV: bradycardia, severe rebound HTN, orthostatic hypotension.
GI: Constipation, dry mouth, N/V.
GU: Urine retention, erectile dysfunction.
Metabolic: weight gain
Skin: rash
Other: loss of libido.

Question 3

Metoprolol 50mg PO
Daily
Selective beta-adrenergic blockers

Beta Blockers
“-olols”; atenolol, propranolol, metoprolol

Answer 3

Heart Failure
MI
Angina

CSN: dizziness, fatigue, headache, mental confusion, short memory-loss.
CV: hypotension, bradycardia, edema
EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus
GI: N/V/D, constipation, dry mouth
GU: ↓ libido
Respiration: bronchospasm

Question 4

Atenolol 100mg PO twice daily hold if HR <60

-Beta blockers

Answer 4

CNS: dizziness, vertigo
CV: orthostatic hypotention, bradycardia,
GI: N/V
Respiratoty: bronchospasm. PE

Question 5

Hydralazine 25 mg PO daily
Peripheral vasodilators

Vasodilators- hydralazine, minoxidil, nitroprusside, nitroglycerin

Answer 5

• Hypertensive emergency for IM or IV
• Preeclampsia, eclampsia
• CNS: anxiety, headache, dizziness.
• CV: tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, edema
• EENT: conjunctivitis, nasal congestion.
• GI: N/V/D, anorexia, constipation.
• Hematologic: anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia.

Question 6

Enalapril 20mg

ACE Inhibitors- “prils”; enalapril, benazepril, lisinopril, ramipril

Answer 6

• CNS: headache, dizziness, vertigo, syncope.
• Hypertension, chest pain, angina.
• Anorexia, abdominal pain.
• Nonproductive cough, dyspnea.

Question 7

Benazepril hydrochloride

Lotensin

Answer 7

• Adverse Reactions
• CNS: headache, fatigue, dizziness
• CV: symptomatic hypotension
• Respiratory: cough

Question 8

Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin II Recetor Blockers “-sartan”; losartan, valsartan

Answer 8

HTN and heart failure

*Potent vasodilator
Acts on RRAS system
Similar to ACE-I prevent the release of aldosterone

CNS: dizziness, headache, fatigue
CV: edema, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension
EENT: blurred vision, 
GI: Abdominal pain, D/N
GU: renal impairment
Hematologic: neutropenia
Metabolic: Hyperkalemia
Musculoskeletal: arthralgia (joint pain)
Respiratory: cough

Question 9

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Calcium Channel Blockers-diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, nifidepine

Answer 9

Angina, HTN, Dysrhythmia

*Blocks calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle vasodilation.

CNS: headache, dizziness.
CV: edema, flushing.
GI: Nausea, abdominal pain
Respiration: Pulmonary edema, dyspnea
Skin: pruritus, rash.