Endocrine System

Question 1

Somatropin (Genotropin)
Injection

Anterior lope hormones

Answer 1

Growth hormones

• Treat growth hormone deficiency
• Treat growth failure in children due to pituitary GH deficiency

*identical amino acid sequence as human growth hormone
Anterior lope hormones

CNS: headache, weakness, paresthesia ( burning or prickling sensation)
CV: mild, transient edema
EENT: otitis media, pharyngitis
GI: N/V, flatulence, abdominal pain
Hematologic: leukemia
Metabolic: mild hyperglycemia, hypothyroidism
Respiratory: URI
Skin: injection-site pain.
Other: antibodies to GH, flulike syndrome

Question 2

Tolvaptan (Samsca)
-Tablets

Selective vasopressin receptor antagonists

Answer 2

• Treat of hyponatremia
• Treatment in SIADH. (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
• removes excess fluids promoting natriuresis to balance sodium levels.
• Posterior Lope

CNS: asthenia (weakness) fatigue, dizziness, fever.
CV: PE, ventricular fibrillation, DVT, palpitation
GI: anorexia, constipation, N/D, GI bleeding, abdominal distention, dry mouth, thirst.
GU: polyuria, urinary frequency or urgency, urethral hemorrhage, vaginal hemorrhage.
Metabolic: fluid imbalance, diabetic ketoacidosis.
Musculoskeletal: respiratory failure
Skin: dry skin, rash

Question 3

Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)

Thyroid hormones

Answer 3

Thyroid hormone replacements
-treat hypothyroidism, myxedema, and cretinism

*↑metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and body growth

Thyroid gland

CNS: insomnia, tremor, headache, fever, anxiety
CV: tachycardia, palpitation, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, HTN, HF, MI.
GI: D/V, abdominal cramps
GU: menstrual irregularities.
Metabolic: weight loss, increased appetite
Musculoskeletal: ↓bone density, muscle weakness
Skin: allergic skin reactions, diaphoresis, hair loss.
Other: heat intolerance, impaired fertility

Question 4

Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)

Vitamin D analogues

Answer 4

Antihypocalcemics
Treat:
-hypoparathyroidism
-hypocalcemia in chronic renal failure

*enhance calcium deposits in bones

Para-thyroid

CNS: headache, weakness, irritability.
CV: HTN, arrhythmias
EENT: conjunctivitis, photophobia
GI: N/V, constipation, metallic taste, anorexia. 
GU: polyuria, nocturia, hypercalciuria
Metabolic: weight loss
Musculoskeletal: bone and muscle pain.

Question 5

Prednisone
Oral solution, tablets
Adrenocorticoids

• Addison’s disease also called adrenal insufficiency, is an uncommon disorder that occurs when your body doesn’t produce enough of certain hormones. In Addison’s disease, your adrenal glands, located just above your kidneys, produce too little cortisol and, often, too little aldosterone
• symptom: on-specific and include fatigue, nausea, darkening of the skin, and dizziness upon standing.

Answer 5

Corticosteroids
Treat:
-Adrenocortical insufficiency, Addison’s disease

*suppresses inflammation and adrenal function

*Glucocorticoid (cortisol)
Treat:
-allergic, drug reactions, contact dermatitis, anaphylaxis
-Inflammatory: Autoimmune disorders
-Debilitating conditions: Malignancies.

CNS: headache, paresthesia, psychotic behavior.
CV: HF, HTN, edema, arrhythmias, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism.
EENT: cataracts, glaucoma
GI: increase appetite, N/V, abdominal distention.
GU: menstrual irregularities.
Metabolic: hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, weight gain.
Musculoskeletal: growth suppression in children, muscle weakness, osteoporosis.
Skin: hirsutism (excessive hair growth on unexpected areas), delayed wound healing.
Other: susceptibility to infections, acute adrenal insufficiency after increased stress or abrupt withdrawal after long-term therapy.

Question 6

Fludrocortisone (Florinef)

Mineralocorticoid

Answer 6

Mineralocorticoids
Treat:
-Addison’s disease
-Adrenocortical insufficiency

*promote reabsorption of sodium from renal tubules

Mineralocorticoid

• second type of corticosteroid that secrete Aldosterone
• Maintain fluid balance by promoting reabsorption sodium from renal tubules

CNS: headache, vertigo, seizures, several mental disturbances, insomnia.
CV: HF, HTN, edema, syncope.
GI: ulcerative esophagitis, peptic ulcer with possible perforation (a hole made by boring or piercing) and hemorrhage, pancreatitis, abdominal distension.
Hematologic: bruising
Metabolic: sodium and water retention, weight gain, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia.
Musculoskeletal: muscle weakness
Skin: allergic rash, impaired wound healing, acne.
Other: anaphylaxis.