Cardiac Glycosides

Question 1

Nitroglycerin
(Nitro-Bid) ointment
Nitrates

Answer 1

Vasodilators-antianginals
-To treat anginal pectoris: condition of acute cardiac pain from inadequate blood flow to myocardium
 decrease oxygen to tissues pain.

*Reduce venous tone decreased workload of the heart vasodilation increased Blood flow to myocardial cells.

CNS: headache, dizziness, syncope, weakness.
EENT: blurred vision
CV: orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, palpitations.
GI: N/V, abdominal pain
Skin: rash, pallor
Other: dry mouth.

Question 2

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Calcium channel blocker

Answer 2

Antihypertensives

• Block calcium influx decrease excitability and contractibility.
• Increase refactory period of AV node ↓ventricular response

CNS: headache, dizziness.
CV: edema, arrthythmias, AV block, hypotension, abnormal ECG.
GI: nausea, constipation, abdominal discomfort.
Hepatic: Acute hepatic.
Skin: rash

Question 3

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Benzofuran derivative

Answer 3

Antiarrhythmics
-Class III prolonging repolarization

*used in emergency management of ventricular dysrhythmias when other anti-dysrhythmias are ineffective

CNS: fatigue, malaise, tremor, peripheral neuropathy, headache, dizziness
CV: Hypotension, atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, arrhythmias, HF, heart block.
EENT: visual disturbances, optic neuropathy.
-GI: N/V/D, constipation, abdominal pain.
-Hematologic: Coagulation abnormalities.
-Hepatic: hepatic failure
-Metabolic: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism
-Respiratory: pulmonary edema
-Skin: blue-gray skin
-Other: ↓libido

Question 4

Digoxin 0.125 mg

• PO once a day
• Cardiac glycosides

Answer 4

Treat heart failure

• CNS: agitation, fatigue, muscle weakness, dizziness.
• Blurred vision, yellow-green halos around visual images.
• Arrhythmias, heart block.