Antibiotics, Antimalarials, Anthelmintics & Peptides Flashcards
Chloroquine HCl
(Aralen HCl)
Aminoquinolines
Antimalarial
*Treat and prevent malaria
Prophylaxis
CNS: seizures, agitation, anxiety, confusion, insomnia
CV: hypotension
EENT: visual impairment, ototoxicity
GI: Anorexia, N/V/D, abdominal cramps
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia
Skin: photosensitivity, hair discoloration.
Triclabendazole (Egaten)
Anthelmintics
Anthelmintics
Effective against live flukes
CNS: vertigo, headache, asthenia, pyrexia
CV: Chest pain
GI: abdominal pain, N/V/D, decreases appetite
Hepatic; jaundice
Musculoskeletal: musculoskeletal chest pain, spinal pain
Respiratory: dyspnea, cough
Skin: urticaria, pruritus.
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Capsules, injection, tablets
Nitroimidazoles
Antiprotozoals
Treat various disorders associated with organisms in GI tract: intestine amebiasis, trichomoniasis, inflammatory bowel disease, anaerobic infections, bacterial vaginosis, perioperative prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Use with other agent treat helicobacter pylori.
CNS: headache, seizure, fever, vertigo, dizziness, depression, weakness, insomnia.
CV: Flattened T wave, edema, flushing
EENT: rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis
GI: N/V/D, abdominal pain, constipation, metallic or bitter taste, GI distress
GU: vaginitis, darkened urine, polyuria, genital pruritus, dysmenorrhea.
Hematologic: transient leukopenia, neutropenia
Skin: rash
Other: decreased libido, flulike symptoms
Isoniazid (INH)
Injection, oral solution, tablets
Isonicotinic acis hydrazines (INH)
Antitubercular Drugs
-Treatment of tuberculosis, prophylactic measure against TB
*Inhibit of bacterial cell-wall synthesis
CNS: peripheral neuropathy, seizures, memory impairment.
EENT: optic neuritis and atrophy
GI: epigastric distress, N/V
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia.
Hepatic: hepatitis, jaundice
Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia.
Other: hypersensitivity reaction.
Nystatin (Mycostatin)
nye-STAT-in
Polyene macrolides
Antifungals
-Treatment of Candida
- Administer orally or topically. Can also be given suspension, cream, ointment, and vaginal tablets
- most common oral
- Increase permeability of the fungal cell membrane fungal cell becomes unstable
- Fungistatic (inhibit the growing) and fungicidal action
GI: transient N/V/D, GI upset.
GU: irritation
Skin: rash
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
ay-SYE-kloe-ver
(antivirus non-HIV Drugs)
Antivirals
-treatment of HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus) , HVS-2(genital)
*Interference with viral synthesis of DNA
CNS: headache, malaise (general feeling of discomfort, illness), encephalopathic [damage disease affect brain] changes ( lethargy, obtundation, tremor, confusion, agitation, seizures, coma).
EENT: gum pain, canker sores.
GI: N/V/D
GU: acute renal failure.
Hematologic: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis.
Skin: rash, urticaria, eczema, dryness, pruritus, phlebitis at IV site.
Other: angioedema, anaphylaxis.
Amoxicillin
a-moks-i-SIL-in
Aminopenicillins
(broad spectrum penicillin)
Antibiotics:
-treat respiratory infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), otitis media, and sinusitis, tonsillitis, gastric ulcers.
*Inhibit of enzyme in cell wall synthesis, bactericidal effect.
CNS: seizure, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, insomnia
GI: diarrhea, N/V, Pseudomembranous colitis
GU: nephropathy
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia.
Other: anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reactions, overgrowth of nonsusceptible organism
Vancomycin
van-koh-MYE-sin
Glycopeptides
Antibiotics
- Give IV for infection d/t MRSA
- IV for skin, bone and lower respiratory tract infections resistant to other antibiotics.
- Given orally for c. difficile
- Used prophylactically in cardiac surgeries in individuals with penicillin allergies
- Severe infections not responsive to other antibiotics.
*Inhibit bacteria cell wall synthesis
Active against several gram-positive microorganisms.
CNS: Fever, pain, headache, fatigue
CV: hypotension, thrombophlebitis at injection site.
EENT: ototoxicity, tinnitus.
GI: pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, abdominal pain, V/D, flatulence
GU: nephrotoxicity
Hematologic: Leukepenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia.
Respiratory: dyspnea, wheezing
Skin: red-man syndrome (with rapid IV infusion.
Other: anaphylaxis, chills, superinfection
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim
Sulfonamides-folate antagonists
Antibiotics
-Treat UTI, respiratory tract infection, otitis media, MRSA
*Inhibit folic acid synthesis, and protein of nucleic acids
Bactericidal effect.
CNS: seizures, apathy (lack of emotion), aseptic meningitis, ataxia, depression, fatigue, hallucination, headache insomnia, tinnitus ( experience ringing or other noises in one or both of your ears).
CV: thrombophlebitis.
GI: pancreatitis, D/N/V
GU: toxic nephrosis with oliguria and anuria, crystalluria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, renal failure.
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.
Hepatic: hepatic necrosis, jaundice
Metabolic: hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia.
Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, muscle weakness, myalgia.
Respiratory: pulmonary infiltrates, cough, shortness of breath.
Skin: erythema multiforme ( an erythematous macular, popular or vesicular eruption that can cover the entire body), SJS, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis (desquamation, scaling, and itching of the skin) photosensitivity reaction
Other: anaphylaxis, drug fever, hypersensitivity reactions
Solifenacin succinate (VESIcare) Oral suspension, tablets sole-ah-FEN-ah-sin Antimuscarinics, anticholinergic, bladder antispasmodic.
Urinary Antispasmodics
CNS: depression, dizziness, fatigue
CV: HTN, leg swelling
EENT: Blurred vision, dry eyes, pharyngitis.
GI: constipation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea, upper abdominal pain, vomiting.
GU: Urine retention, UTI
Respiratory: cough
Other: influenza
Phenazopyridine
Fen-az-oh-PEER-i-deen
(Pyridium)
Urinary analgesics
Treat:
Ease pain from a bladder infection
Treat signs of urinary problems
CNS: dizziness, headache, seizure
EENT: unusual hoarseness, swelling of the mouth, face, lips, tongue, or throat.
GI: Nausea, vomiting, upset stomach.
Respiratory: wheezing, tightness in the chest, trouble breathing, swallowing, or talking.
Skin: rash, hives, itching, red swollen blistered or peeling skin.
GU: Urine turns a reddish/orange due to the dye.
Other: methemoglobinemia like a blue or gray color of lips, nails, or skin.
Nitrofurantoin
Capsules, oral suspension
Nitrofurans
Antibiotics
Treat: Acute and chronic UTI’s
*Bacteriostatic in lower dose. Bactericidal in higher dose. Effective against many gram- and gram+ organisms.
CNS: ascending polyneuropathy ( featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain), dizziness, drowsiness, headache, peripheral neuropathy.
CV: ECG changes.
EENT: nystagmus ( Uncontrolled repetitive movements of the eyes)
GI: anorexia, D/N/V, abdominal pain, flatulence.
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, hemolysis in pt G6PD deficiency ( is the lack of an enzyme (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the blood), thrombocyte-penia (low platelet).
Hepatic: hepatic necrosis, hepatitis.
Respiratory: asthmatic attacks, cough, cyanosis, pneumonitis.
Skin: SJS (Stevens-Johnson syndrome: is a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes), exfoliative dermatitis, maculopapular ( rash is a type of rash characterized by a flat, red area on the skin that is covered with small confluent bumps), pruritus, urticaria.
Other: anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reactions.
