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6. MSK > Upper Limb Muscles of the Shoulder Region > Flashcards

Upper Limb Muscles of the Shoulder Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the extrinsic shoulder?

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi.

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2
Q

What are the deep muscles of the extrinsic shoulder?

A

Levator scapulae and rhomboid minor and major.

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3
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the trapezius?

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital proturberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae.

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4
Q

What are the distal attachments of the trapezius?

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.

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5
Q

What is the trapezius innervated by?

A

Spinal accesssory nerve and C3, C4 spinal nerves.

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6
Q

What is the arterial supply of the trapezius?

A

Transverse cervical artery.

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7
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Descending part elevates, ascending part depresses and the middle part retracts scapula. Descending and ascending parts act together to rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly.

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8
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3/4 ribs.

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9
Q

What is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of the intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

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10
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi innervated by?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8).

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal artery.

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12
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, raises body towards arms during climbing.

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13
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the levator scapulae?

A

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae.

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14
Q

What is the distal attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapula spine.

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15
Q

What is the levator scapulae innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapula (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves.

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16
Q

What is the arterial supply of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse cervical artery and ascending cervical artery.

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17
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula.

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the rhomboid major?

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae.

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19
Q

What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid major?

A

Medial border of the scapula from level of spine to inferior angle.

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20
Q

What is the rhomboid major innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C4, C5).

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21
Q

What is the arterial supply of the rhomboid major?

A

Dorsal scapular artery.

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22
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

A

Retract the scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to thoracic wall.

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23
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the rhomboid minor?

A

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.

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24
Q

What is the distal attachment of the rhomboid minor?

A

Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapula spine.

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25
Q

What is the rhomboid minor innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5).

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26
Q

What is the arterial supply of the rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular artery.

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27
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

Retract the scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to thoracic wall.

28
Q

How can the accessory nerve be tested?

A

By assessing the trapezius function, ask the patient to shrug their shoulders.

29
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Scapulohumeral muscles: deltoid, supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor, teres major, subscapularis.

30
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the deltoid?

A

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.

31
Q

What is the distal attachment of the deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

32
Q

What is the deltoid innervated by?

A

Axillary nerves (C5, C6).

33
Q

What is the arterial supply of the deltoid?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery.

34
Q

What is the action of the deltoid?

A

Clavicular part flexes and medially rotates arm. Acromial part abducts arm. Spinal part extends and laterally rotates arm.

35
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatous?

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula.

36
Q

What is the distal attachment of the supraspinatous?

A

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

37
Q

What is the supraspinatous innervated by?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6).

38
Q

What is the arterial supply of the supraspinatous?

A

Suprascapular artery.

39
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatous?

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles.

40
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatous?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula.

41
Q

What is the distal attchament of the infraspinatous?

A

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

42
Q

What is the infraspinatous innervated by?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6).

43
Q

What is the arterial supply of the infraspinatous?

A

Circumflex scapular artery and suprascapular artery.

44
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatous?

A

Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles.

45
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula.

46
Q

What is the distal attachment of the teres minor?

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus.

47
Q

What is the teres minor innervated by?

A

Axillary nerve (C5, C6).

48
Q

What is the arterial supply of the teres minor?

A

Circumflex scapular artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery.

49
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles.

50
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the teres major?

A

Posterior surface of inferior angle of the scapula.

51
Q

What is the distal attachment of the teres major?

A

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.

52
Q

What is the teres major innervated by?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6).

53
Q

What is the arterial supply of the teres major?

A

Circumflex scapular artery, subscapular artery.

54
Q

What is the action of the teres major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm.

55
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa.

56
Q

What is the distal attachment of the subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus.

57
Q

What is the subscapularis innervated by?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7).

58
Q

What is the arterial supply for the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular artery.

59
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates arm, as part of the rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity.

60
Q

What are the four rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, supscapularis and teres minor.

61
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

To pull the humeral head into the glenoid fossa to give the glenohumeral joint more stability.

62
Q

What is rotator cuff tendonitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles.

63
Q

What causes rotator cuff tendonitis?

A

Repetitive use of the shoulder joint.

64
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles is most commonly affected by rotator cuff tendonitis?

A

Supraspinatus. In abduction, it rubs against the coracoacromial arch and this causes inflammation and degeneration in the tendon eventually.

65
Q

How is rotator cuff tendonitis treatment?

A

Rest, analgesia, and physiotherapy. Steroid injections and surgery can be used in severe cases.

6. MSK (30 decks)

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