Back Intrinsic Muscles (not needed for ESA2) Flashcards
What is another name for the superficial muscles of the back?
Spinotransversales.
What are the muscles in the superficial intrinsic back muscles?
Splenius capitis and splenius cervicus.
What are the proximal attachments of the splenius capitis?
Nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the splenius capitis?
Fibers run superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone.
What is the splenius capitis innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the splenius capitis?
Deep cervical artery and the posterior intercostal arteries.
What is the action of the splenius capitis?
Acting alone - laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles.
Acting together - extend head and neck.
What are the proximal attachments of the splenius cervicis?
Nuchal ligaments anf spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the splenius cervicis?
Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae.
What is the splenius cervicis innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the splenius cervicis?
Deep cervical artery and the posterior intercostal arteries.
What is the action of the splenius cervicis?
Acting alone - laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles.
Acting together - extend head and neck.
What are the muscles in the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?
Iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis. Together form the erector spinae.
What does the common tendinous origin of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles arise from?
Lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae, sacrum, posterior aspect of iliac crest, and sacroiliac and supraspinous ligaments.
What are the proximal attachments of the iliocostalis?
Arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament.
What are the distal attachments of the iliocostalis?
Lumborum, thoracis, cervices, fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical tranverse processes.
What is the iliocostalis innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the iliocostalis?
Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal arteries, the lumbar arteries.
What is the action of the iliocostalis?
Acting bilaterally - extend vertebral column and head as back is flexed, control movement via eccentric contraction.
Acting unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column.
What are the proximal attachments of the longissimus?
Arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament.
What are the distal attachments of the longissimus?
Thoracis, cervicis, capitis, fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions, and to mastoid process of temporal bone.
What is the longissimus innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the longissimus?
Deep cervical artery, the posterior intercostal arteries, the lumbar arteries.
What is the action of the longissimus
Acting bilaterally - extend vertebral column and head, as back is flexed, control movement via eccentric contraction.
Acting unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column.
What are the proximal attachments of the spinalis?
Arises by a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligaments.
What are the distal attachments of the spinalis?
Thoracis, cervicics, capitis, fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to cranium.
What is the spinalis innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the spinalis?
Deep cervical artery, posterior intercostal arteries, the lumbar arteries.
What is the action of the spinalis?
Acting bilaterally - extend vertebral column and head, as back is flexed, control movement via eccentric contraction.
Acting unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column.
What are the muscles in the deep intrinsic back muscles?
Semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores.
What are the proximal attachments of the semispinalis?
Transverse processes, arises from transverse processes of C4-T12 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the semispinalis?
Spinous processes of more superior vertebrae, thoracis, cervicis, capitis, fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in thoracic and cervical regions, spanning 4-6 segments.
What is the semispinalis innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the semispinalis?
Deep cervical artery, the posterior intercostal arteries, the lumbar arteries.
What is the action of the semispinalis?
Extension, extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally.
What are the proximal attachments of the multifidus?
Transverse processes, arises from posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine of ilium, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligaments, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-T3, articular processes of C4-C7.
What are the distal attachments of the multifidus?
Spinous processes of more superior vertebrae, thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of spinous processes, located 2-4 segments superior to proximal attachment.
What is the multifidus innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the multifidus?
Deep cervical artery, the posterior intercostal arteries, the lumbar arteries
What is the action of the multifidus?
Extension, stabilises vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column.
What are the proximal attachments of the rotatores?
Transverse processes, arise from transverse processes of vertebrae, best developed in thoracic region.
What are the distal attachments of the rotatores?
Spinous processes of more superior vertebrae, fibers pass superiomedially to attach to junction of lamina and transverse process or spinous process of vertebra immediately or 2 segments superior to vertebra of attachment.
What is the rotatores innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the rotatores?
Deep cervical artery, the posterior intercostal arteries, the lumbar arteries.
What is the action of the rotatores?
Extension, stabilise vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of vertebral column, may function as organs of proprioception.
