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6. MSK > Lower Limb Muscles of the Thigh > Flashcards

Lower Limb Muscles of the Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major muscles in the anterior thigh?

A

Pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps femoris. The iliopsoas passes into this compartment.

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2
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the pectineus?

A

Superior ramus of pubis.

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3
Q

What are the distal attachments of the pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to less trochanter.

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4
Q

What is the pectineus innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3), sometimes a branch from the obturator nerve.

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5
Q

What is the arterial supply of the pectineus?

A

Branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery.

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6
Q

What is the action of the pectineus?

A

Adducts and flexes thigh, assists with medial rotation of thigh.

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7
Q

What is the iliopsoas made of?

A

The psoas major, and the iliacus.

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8
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the psoas major?

A

Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them, transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae.

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9
Q

What are the distal attachments of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur.

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10
Q

What is the psoas major innervated by?

A

Anterior rami of lumbar nerve (L1, L2, L3).

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11
Q

What is the arterial supply of the psoas major?

A

Lumbar arteries.

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12
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A

Act conjointly with iliacus in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilising this joint.

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13
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the iliacus?

A

Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments.

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14
Q

What are the distal attachments of the iliacus?

A

Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

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15
Q

What is the iliacus innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3).

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16
Q

What is the arterial supply of the iliacus?

A

Branches of the medal circumflex artery.

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17
Q

What is the action of the iliacus?

A

Act conjointly with psoas major in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilising this joint.

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18
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the sartorius?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it.

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19
Q

What are the distal attachments of the sartorius?

A

Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

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20
Q

What is the sartorious innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3).

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21
Q

What is the arterial supply to the sartorius?

A

Lateral circumflex femoral artery, saphenous branch of descending genicular artery.

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22
Q

What is the action of the sartorius?

A

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, and flexes leg at knee joint.

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23
Q

What are the four muscles that make up the quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius.

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24
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the rectus femoris?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum.

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25
Q

What are the distal attachments of the rectus femoris?

A

Via common tendinous, quadriceps tendon, and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuosis.

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26
Q

What is the rectus femoris innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).

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27
Q

What is the arterial supply to the rectus femoris?

A

Later circumflex femoral artery.

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28
Q

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

A

Extend leg at knee joint, steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas to flex thigh.

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29
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the vastus lateralis?

A

Great trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur.

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30
Q

What are the distal attachments of the vastus lateralis?

A

Via common tendinous, quadriceps tendon, and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuosis.

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31
Q

What is the vastus lateralis innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).

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32
Q

What is the arterial supply to the vastus lateralis?

A

Transverse circumflex femoral artery, lateral circumflex artery, perforating arteries of deep femoral artery.

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33
Q

What is the action of the vastus lateralis?

A

Extend leg at knee joint.

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34
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the vastus medialis?

A

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur.

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35
Q

What are the distal attachments of the vastus medialis?

A

Via common tendinous, quadriceps tendon, and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuosis.

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36
Q

What is the vastus medialis innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).

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37
Q

What is the arterial supply to the vastus medialis?

A

Lateral circumflex artery and the perforating arteries of deep femoral artery.

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38
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

Extend leg at knee joint.

39
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur.

40
Q

What are the distal attachments of the vastus intermedius?

A

Via common tendinous, quadriceps tendon, and independent attachments to base of patella, indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity, medial and lateral vasti also attach to tibia and patella via aponeuosis.

41
Q

What is the vastus intermedius innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).

42
Q

What is the arterial supply to the vastus intermedius?

A

Lateral circumflex femoral artery, descending branch of lateral circumflex artery.

43
Q

What is the action of the vastus intermedius?

A

Extend leg at knee joint.

44
Q

What muscle is tested with suspected femoral nerve damage and how?

A

The quadriceps femoris, by asking the patient to lie in a supine position with the knee slightly flexed. Ask the patient to extend the leg, and resist the movement - contraction should be visible.

45
Q

What are the five muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Gracilis, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus.

46
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the gracilis?

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis.

47
Q

What are the distal attachments of the gracilis?

A

Superior part of medial surface of tibia.

48
Q

What is the gracilis innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3).

49
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gracilis?

A

Obturator artery.

50
Q

What is the action of the gracilis?

A

Adducts thigh: flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially.

51
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the obturator externus?

A

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane.

52
Q

What are the distal attachments of the obturator externus?

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur.

53
Q

What is the obturator externus innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve (L3, L4).

54
Q

What is the arterial supply of the obturator externus?

A

Obturator artery.

55
Q

What is the action of the obturator externus?

A

Laterally rotates thigh, steadies head of femur in acetabulum.

56
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the adductor brevis?

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis.

57
Q

What are the distal attachments of the adductor brevis?

A

Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur..

58
Q

What is the adductor brevis innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve, branch of, anterior division (L2, L3, L4).

59
Q

What is the arterial supply of the adductor brevis?

A

Obturator artery and deep femoral artery.

60
Q

What is the action of the adductor brevis?

A

Adducts thigh, to some extent flexes it.

61
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the adductor longus?

A

Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest.

62
Q

What are the distal attachments of the adductor longus?

A

Middle third of linea aspera of femur.

63
Q

What is the adductor longus innervated by?

A

Obturator nerve, branch of, anterior division (L2, L3, L4).

64
Q

What is the arterial supply of the adductor longus?

A

Obturator artery, the deep femoral artery.

65
Q

What is the action of the adductor longus?

A

Adducts thigh.

66
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part - inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium.

Hamstrings part - ischial tuberosity.

67
Q

What are the distal attachments of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor part - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line.
Hamstrings part - adductor tubercle of femur.

68
Q

What is the adductor magnus innervated by?

A

Adductor part - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4), branches of posterior division.
Hamstrings part - tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4).

69
Q

What is the arterial supply of the adductor magnus?

A

Obturator artery, deep femoral artery, branches of medial circumflex femoral artery.

70
Q

What is the action of the adductor magnus?

A

Adducts thigh, flexes leg, helps rotate leg medially.

71
Q

What is groin strain?

A

Strain of adductor muscles, tearing near their bony attachments.

72
Q

How should groin stains be treated?

A

RICE = rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

73
Q

What are the hamstrings?

A

The muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

74
Q

What are the muscles of the hamstrings?

A

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris.

75
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity.

76
Q

What are the distal attachments of the semitendinosus?

A

Medial surface of superior part of tibia.

77
Q

What is the semitendinosus innervated by?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2).

78
Q

What is the arterial supply to the semitendinosus?

A

Perforating arteries of deep femoral artery.

79
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg, and rotate it medially when knee is flexed, when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk.

80
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity.

81
Q

What are the distal attachments of the semimembranosus?

A

Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia, reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament.

82
Q

What is the semimembranosus innervated by?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2).

83
Q

What is the arterial supply to the semimembranosus?

A

Perforating arteries of deep femoral artery.

84
Q

What is the action of the semimembranosus?

A

Extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed, when thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk.

85
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the biceps femoris?

A

Long head - ischial tuberosity.

Short head - linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur.

86
Q

What are the distal attachments of the biceps femoris?

A

Lateral side of head of fibula, tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee.

87
Q

What is the biceps femoris innervated by?

A

Long head - tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2).

Short head - common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2).

88
Q

What is the arterial supply to the biceps femoris?

A

Perforating arteries of the deep femoral artery.

89
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed, extends thigh.

90
Q

What is hamstring strain?

A

Excessive stretch or tearing of the muscle fibres.

91
Q

What causes haematoma of the hamstrings?

A

Damage to muscle fibers rupturing the surrounding blood vessels.

92
Q

How is hamstring strain treated?

A

RICE = rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

93
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A

When a fragment of bone breaks away from the main body of the bone.

94
Q

What happens in an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity?

A

The hamstring tendons tear off a piece of the ischial tuberosity. Usually in sports that require rapid contraction and relaxation of the muscles.

6. MSK (30 decks)

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