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6. MSK > Upper Limb Muscles of the Hand > Flashcards

Upper Limb Muscles of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two groups of muscles in the hand?

A

Extrinsic - anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm, control crude movements and produce grip.
Intrinsic - within hand itself, responsible for fine motor functions of the hand.

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2
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Three short muscles at the base of the thumb. They produce a bulge, the thenar eminence. Control fine movements of the thumb.

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3
Q

What innervates the thenar muscles?

A

Median nerve.

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4
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the opponens pollicis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.

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5
Q

What are the distal attachments of the opponens pollicis

A

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal.

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6
Q

What is the opponens pollicis innervated by?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1).

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens pollicis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.

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8
Q

What is the action of the opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to centre of palm and rotates it medially.

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9
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.

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10
Q

What are the distal attachments of the abductor pollicis brevis

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

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11
Q

What is the abductor pollicis brevis innervated by?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1).

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12
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Deep palmar arterial arch.

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13
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb, helps oppose it.

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14
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.

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15
Q

What are the distal attachments of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

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16
Q

What is the flexor pollicis brevis innervated by?

A

Superficial head by recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1).
Deep head by deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery.

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18
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes thumb.

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19
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A

The muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm, at the base of the little finger. From the hypothenar muscles.

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20
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Pisiform.

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21
Q

What are the distal attachments of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

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22
Q

What is the abductor digiti minimi innervated by?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

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23
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar artery.

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24
Q

What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx.

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25
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum.

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26
Q

What are the distal attachments of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

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27
Q

What is the flexor digiti minimi brevis innervated by?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

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28
Q

What is the arterial supply of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Ulnar artery.

29
Q

What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit.

30
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the opponens digiti?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum.

31
Q

What are the distal attachments of the opponens digiti?

A

Medial border of 5th metacarpal.

32
Q

What is the opponens digiti innervated by?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

33
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens digiti?

A

Ulnar artery.

34
Q

What is the action of the opponens digiti?

A

Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb.

35
Q

Why are lumbricals important?

A

They link the extensor tendons to the flexor tendons.

36
Q

What happens as a result of denervation of the lumbricals?

A

Ulnar claw and hand of benediction.

37
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles).

38
Q

What are the distal attachments of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits.

39
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd lumbrical innervated by?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1).

40
Q

What is the arterial supply to the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Superficial palmar arterial arch.

41
Q

What is the action of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits.

42
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles).

43
Q

What are the distal attachments of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits.

44
Q

What are the 3rd and 4th lumbrical innervated by?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

45
Q

What is the arterial supply to the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Superficial palmar arch.

46
Q

What is the action of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits.

47
Q

What are the two groups of interossei muscles?

A

Dorsal and palmar interossei.

48
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of two metacarpals, as bipennate muscles.

49
Q

What are the distal attachments of the dorsal interossei?

A

Bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits.

50
Q

What are the dorsal interossei innervated by?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

51
Q

What is the arterial supply to the dorsal interossei?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries, dorsal metacarpal arteries.

52
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line, act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints.

53
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the palmar interossei?

A

Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals, as unipennate muscles.

54
Q

What are the distal attachments of the palmar interossei?

A

Bases of proximal phalanges, extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th expansions.

55
Q

What are the palmar interossei innervated by?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

56
Q

What is the arterial supply to the palmar interossei?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries.

57
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward axial line, assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalageal joints, extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits.

58
Q

What are the other muscles in the hand that are no thenar, hypothenar or lumbrical muscles?

A

Palmaris brevis and adductor pollicis.

59
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the palmaris brevis?

A

Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum.

60
Q

What are the distal attachments of the palmaris brevis?

A

The dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand.

61
Q

What is the palmaris brevis innervated by?

A

Ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

62
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palmaris brevis?

A

Ulnar artery.

63
Q

What is the action of the palmaris brevis?

A

Wrinkles the skin of the hyperthenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip.

64
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the adductor pollicis?

A

Oblique head - bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals.
Transverse head - anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal.

65
Q

What are the distal attachments of the adductor pollicis?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

66
Q

What is the adductor pollicis innervated by?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1).

67
Q

What is the arterial supply of the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep palmar arterial arch.

68
Q

What is the action of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts thumb towards lateral border of palm.

6. MSK (30 decks)

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