Upper Limb Muscles of the Forearm Flashcards
What are the two main compartments of the forearm?
Anterior and posterior compartments.
What are the layers of the anterior forearm and the muscles in them?
Superficial layer - pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris.
Intermediate layer - flexor digitorum superficialis.
Deep layer - flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus.
What are the proximal attachments of the pronator teres?
Ulnar head - coronoid process.
Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus.
What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres?
Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius.
What is the pronator teres innervated by?
Median nerve (C6, C7).
What is the arterial supply of the pronator teres?
Ulnar artery and the anterior ulnar recurrent artery.
What is the action of the pronator teres?
Pronates and flexes forearm at the elbow.
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?
Base of 2nd metacarpal.
What is the flexor carpi radialis innervated by?
Median nerve (C6, C7).
What is the arterial supply of the flexor carpi radialis?
Ulnar artery.
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
Flexes and abducts hand at wrist.
What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?
Medial epicondyle of humerus.
What are the distal attachments of the palmaris longus?
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palma aponeurosis.
What is the palmaris longus innervated by?
Median nerve (C7, C8).
What is the arterial supply of the palmaris longus?
Ulnar artery.
What is the action of the palmaris longus?
Flexes hand at the wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis.
What are the proximal attachments of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus.
Ulnar head - olecranon and posterior border of ulna.
What are the distal attachments of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal.
What is the flexor carpi ulnaris innervated by?
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8).
What is the arterial supply of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar artery.
What is the action of flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexes and adducts hand at wrist.
What are the proximal attachments of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Humeruo-ulnar head - medial epicondyle.
Radial head - superior half of anterior border.
What are the distal attachments of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits.
What is the flexor digitorum superficailis innervated by?
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1).
What is the arterial supply of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Ulnar artery.
What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits, acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints.
What are the proximal attachments of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane.
What are the distal attachments of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Medial part - bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits.
Lateral part - bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits.
What is the flexor digitorum profundus innervated by?
Medial part - ulnar nerve (C8, T1).
Lateral part - anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1).
What is the arterial supply to the flexor digitorum profundus?
Ulnar artery and the anterior interosseous artery.
What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Medial part - flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints.
Lateral part - flexes digital phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joints.
What are the proximal attachments of the flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane.
What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?
Base of the distal pahlanx of thumb.
What is the flexor pollicis longus innervated by?
Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1).
What is the arterial supply to the flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior interosseous artery.
What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?
Flexes phalanges of 1st digit.
What is the proximal attachment of the pronator quadratus?
Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna.
What is the distal attachment of the pronator quadratus?
Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius.
What is the pronator quadratus innervated by?
Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1).
What is the arterial supply to the pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous artery.
What is the action of the pronator quadratus?
Pronates forearm, deep fibres bind radius and ulna together.
