Back Superficial Muscles Flashcards
What movements are associated with superficial back muscles?
Shoulder movements.
What movements are associated with intermediate back muscles?
Thoracic cage movements.
What movements are associated with deep back muscles?
Vertebral column movements.
What are the proximal attachments of the trapezius?
Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital proturbence, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the trapezius?
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
What is the trapezius innervated by?
Spinal accessory nerve, and C3, C4 spinal nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the trapezius?
Transverse cervical artery.
What is the action of the trapezius?
Descending part of elevates, ascending part depresses, and middle part retracts scapula. Descending and ascending parts act together to rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly.
What are the proximal attachments of the latissimus dorsi?
Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs.
What are the distal attachments of the latissimus dorsi?
Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
What is the latissimus dorsi innervated by?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8).
What is the arterial supply of the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal artery.
What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, raises body toward arms during climbing.
What are the proximal attachments of the levator scapulae?
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the levator scapulae?
Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine.
What is the levator scapulae innervated by?
Dorsal scapular (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves.
What is the arterial supply of the levator scapulae?
Transverse cervical artery, ascending cervical artery.
What is the action of the levator scapulae?
Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula.
What are the proximal attachments of the rhomboid major?
Spinous sprocesses of T2-T5 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the rhomboid major?
Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle.
What is the rhomboid major innervated by?
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5).
What is the arterial supply of the rhomboid major?
Dorsal scapular artery.
What is the action of the rhomboid major?
Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to thoracic wall.
What are the proximal attachments of the rhomboid minor?
Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.
What are the distal attachments of the rhomboid minor?
Smooth triangular area at medial end of scapula spine.
What is the rhomboid minor innervated by?
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5).
What is the arterial supply of the rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapular artery.
What is the action of the rhomboid minor?
Retract scapula and rotate is glenoid cavity inferiorly, fix scapula to thoracic wall.
What is the cause of accessory nerve damage?
Iatrogenic - from medical procedures.
What procedures have a high risk of accessory nerve damage?
Cervical lymph node biopsy or cannulation of the internal jugular vein.
How can the accessory nerve be tested?
By testing the trapezius function. Ask the patient to shrug their shoulders.
Also there will be muscle wasting, partial paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid, and an asymmetrical neckline.
