Upper limb Muscles Flashcards
Infraspinatus
Origin - Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Function - external rotation of the humerus
Four rotator cuff muscles
- Infraspinatus
- Subscapularis
- Teres minor
- Supraspinatus muscles
Supraspinatus
Origin - Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Function - stabilizes the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint during the movements of the upper limb
Teres minor
Origin - Lateral border of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Function - Arm external rotation, arm adduction;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
Subscapularis
Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus
Function - Arm internal rotation
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity
Teres Major
Origin - lower part of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertion - Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Function - Extension and internal rotation of the humerus (arm)
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin - Vertebral part: Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12,
Iliac part: Posterior third of crest of ilium
Costal part: Ribs 9-12
Scapular part: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion - Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus,
Function - Arm internal rotation, Arm adduction, Arm extension
Trapezius
Origin - medial third of the superior nuchal line and
spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae
Insertion – lateral third of clavicle
medial acromial margin
lateral apex of the medial end of scapular spine
Function - draws scapula superomedially, draws scapula medially, Draws scapula inferomedially
Pectoralis Major
Origin - Clavicular part: anterior surface of clavicle
Sternocostal part: anterior surface of sternum,
Abdominal part: Anterior layer of rectus sheath
Insertion - Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Function - Shoulder joint: Arm adduction, Arm internal rotation, Arm flexion arm extension
Serratus anterior
Origin - Superior part: Ribs 1-9
Insertion - Anterior surface of superior angle
medial border and inferior angle
Function - Draws scapula anterolaterally, Suspends scapula on thoracic wall, Rotates scapula
Pectoralis minor
Origin - Anterior surface, costal cartilages of ribs 3-5
Insertion - Medial border and coracoid process of scapula
Function - draws scapula anteroinferiorly, stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall
Rhomboid Minor
Origin - Nuchal ligament, Spinous processes of vertebrae
Insertion - Root of spine of scapula
Function - Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly
Rhomboid major
Origin - Spinous process of vertebrae
Insertion - Medial border of scapula
Function - : Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly
Levator scapulae
Origin - Transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion - Medial border of scapula
Function - Draws scapula superomedially,
Cervical joints: Lateral flexion of neck
Deltoid
Origin - Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle ,Acromion and Spine of Scapula
Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Function - flexion and internal rotation of the arm,
abduction of the arm beyond the initial 15°
extension and external rotation of the arm.
Coracobrachialis
Origin - Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion - Anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft
Function - Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint
Biceps Brachii
Origin - Short head - Apex of the Coracoid process of the scapula
Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion - Radial tuberosity of the radius
Function - Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint
Brachialis
Origin - Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion - Coronoid process of the ulna; Tuberosity of ulna
Function - Strong flexion of forearm at the elbow joint
Brachioradialis
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm
Insertion - (Proximal to) styloid process of radius
Function - Forearm flexion
Triceps Brachii
Origin - Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus
Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion - Olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Function - Elbow joint: extension of the forearm
Shoulder joint: extension and adduction of the arm
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus,
Insertion - Pisiform bone,
Function - Wrist flexion, wrist adduction
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3
Function - Wrist flexion, wrist abduction
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin - Medial head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Radial head: Proximal half of anterior border of radius
Insertion - Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Function - Finger flexion
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin - Proximal half of anterior surface of ulna,
Insertion - Palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Function - Finger flexion
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin - Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion - Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
Function - Thumb flexion
Flexor pollicis brevis
Origin - : Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium bone
Trapezoid and capitate bones
Insertion - Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1
Function - Thumb flexion
Pronator Teres
Origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus
Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Lateral surface of radius
Function - Pronation of forearm at the proximal radioulnar joint
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus,
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 2
Function - Wrist joints: extension, hand abduction
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 3
Function - Wrist joints: Hand extension, hand abduction
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna
Insertion - Base of metacarpal bone 5
Function - Wrist joint: Hand extension and adduction
Extensor digitorum
Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Function - Finger extension
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin - Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseus membrane
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Function - Weak hand extension and thumb extension
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin - Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseus membrane
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function - Extension of Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint
Lumbricals
Origin - Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Insertion - Extensor expansion of hand
Function - Finger flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints and finger extension of interphalangeal joints
