Upper limb Muscles

Question 1

Infraspinatus

Answer 1

Origin - Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Function - external rotation of the humerus

Question 2

Four rotator cuff muscles

Answer 2

1. Infraspinatus
2. Subscapularis
3. Teres minor
4. Supraspinatus muscles

Question 3

Supraspinatus

Answer 3

Origin - Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Function - stabilizes the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint during the movements of the upper limb

Question 4

Teres minor

Answer 4

Origin - Lateral border of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Function - Arm external rotation, arm adduction;
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 5

Subscapularis

Answer 5

Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus
Function - Arm internal rotation
Stabilizes humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 6

Teres Major

Answer 6

Origin - lower part of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertion - Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Function - Extension and internal rotation of the humerus (arm)

Question 7

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 7

Origin - Vertebral part: Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-T12,
Iliac part: Posterior third of crest of ilium
Costal part: Ribs 9-12
Scapular part: Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion - Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus,
Function - Arm internal rotation, Arm adduction, Arm extension

Question 8

Trapezius

Answer 8

Origin - medial third of the superior nuchal line and
spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of vertebrae

Insertion – lateral third of clavicle
medial acromial margin
lateral apex of the medial end of scapular spine

Function - draws scapula superomedially, draws scapula medially, Draws scapula inferomedially

Question 9

Pectoralis Major

Answer 9

Origin - Clavicular part: anterior surface of clavicle
Sternocostal part: anterior surface of sternum,
Abdominal part: Anterior layer of rectus sheath

Insertion - Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Function - Shoulder joint: Arm adduction, Arm internal rotation, Arm flexion arm extension

Question 10

Serratus anterior

Answer 10

Origin - Superior part: Ribs 1-9

Insertion - Anterior surface of superior angle
medial border and inferior angle

Function - Draws scapula anterolaterally, Suspends scapula on thoracic wall, Rotates scapula

Question 11

Pectoralis minor

Answer 11

Origin - Anterior surface, costal cartilages of ribs 3-5
Insertion - Medial border and coracoid process of scapula
Function - draws scapula anteroinferiorly, stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall

Question 12

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 12

Origin - Nuchal ligament, Spinous processes of vertebrae
Insertion - Root of spine of scapula
Function - Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly

Question 13

Rhomboid major

Answer 13

Origin - Spinous process of vertebrae
Insertion - Medial border of scapula
Function - : Draws scapula superomedially, Rotates glenoid cavity inferiorly

Question 14

Levator scapulae

Answer 14

Origin - Transverse processes of vertebrae
Insertion - Medial border of scapula
Function - Draws scapula superomedially,
Cervical joints: Lateral flexion of neck

Question 15

Deltoid

Answer 15

Origin - Lateral 1/3 of Clavicle ,Acromion and Spine of Scapula

Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function - flexion and internal rotation of the arm,
abduction of the arm beyond the initial 15°
extension and external rotation of the arm.

Question 16

Coracobrachialis

Answer 16

Origin - Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion - Anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft
Function - Adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint

Question 17

Biceps Brachii

Answer 17

Origin - Short head - Apex of the Coracoid process of the scapula
Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion - Radial tuberosity of the radius
Function - Flexion and supination of the forearm at the elbow joint

Question 18

Brachialis

Answer 18

Origin - Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion - Coronoid process of the ulna; Tuberosity of ulna
Function - Strong flexion of forearm at the elbow joint

Question 19

Brachioradialis

Answer 19

Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, lateral intermuscular septum of arm
Insertion - (Proximal to) styloid process of radius
Function - Forearm flexion

Question 20

Triceps Brachii

Answer 20

Origin - Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus
Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus
Insertion - Olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
Function - Elbow joint: extension of the forearm
Shoulder joint: extension and adduction of the arm

Question 21

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 21

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus,
Insertion - Pisiform bone,
Function - Wrist flexion, wrist adduction

Question 22

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 22

Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Bases of metacarpal bones 2-3
Function - Wrist flexion, wrist abduction

Question 23

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Answer 23

Origin - Medial head: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Radial head: Proximal half of anterior border of radius
Insertion - Sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Function - Finger flexion

Question 24

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Answer 24

Origin - Proximal half of anterior surface of ulna,
Insertion - Palmar surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Function - Finger flexion

Question 25

Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 25

Origin - Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion - Palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb
Function - Thumb flexion

Question 26

Flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 26

Origin - : Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of trapezium bone
Trapezoid and capitate bones
Insertion - Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx 1
Function - Thumb flexion

Question 27

Pronator Teres

Answer 27

Origin - Humeral head: medial supracondylar ridge of humerus
Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Lateral surface of radius
Function - Pronation of forearm at the proximal radioulnar joint

Question 28

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 28

Origin - Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus,
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 2
Function - Wrist joints: extension, hand abduction

Question 29

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 29

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of metacarpal bone 3
Function - Wrist joints: Hand extension, hand abduction

Question 30

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 30

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna
Insertion - Base of metacarpal bone 5
Function - Wrist joint: Hand extension and adduction

Question 31

Extensor digitorum

Answer 31

Origin - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Function - Finger extension

Question 32

Extensor pollicis longus

Answer 32

Origin - Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseus membrane
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
Function - Weak hand extension and thumb extension

Question 33

Extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 33

Origin - Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseus membrane
Insertion - Posterior aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function - Extension of Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 34

Lumbricals

Answer 34

Origin - Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Insertion - Extensor expansion of hand

Function - Finger flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints and finger extension of interphalangeal joints