Assessing sports injuries Flashcards
Concussion
A traumatic brain injury resulting force sustained to the head/neck.
Symptoms can take an hour to develop
Long term impact of concussion
- Dementia
- Sub concussions
- Retirement
11R’S
- Recognise
- Reduce
- Remove
- Refer
- Re-evaluate
- Rest
- Rehabilitate
- Recover
- Return to sport
- Reconsider
- Residual effects
Concussion red flags
- Double vision
- Loss of consciousness
- Weakness or tingling
- Deteriorating conscious state
- Vomiting
- Severe or increasing headache
Pitchside assessment questions (concussion)
- What venue are we at today?
- Which half is it now?
- Who scored last in this match/What is the score?
- Who did you play last week?
- Did your team win the last game?
SCAT
Sport concussion assessment tool
(first 72 hours post injury)
SCOAT
Sport concussion office assessment tool
(72 hours + post injury)
Stages of soft tissue repair
- Acute stage
- Sub-acute stage
- Chronic stage
Acute stage
Inflammatory phase
0-10 days post injury
Sub-acute stage
The repair stage
10 days to 6 weeks post injury
Chronic stage
The remodelling phase
6 weeks to 2 years post injury
Cardinal signs of injury
- Pain
- Swelling
- Heat
- Reduced ROM
- Redness
Aim of the inflammatory stage (acute stage)
The body’s immediate response to injury
The aim is to control fluid loss and cleanse the damaged tissue by delivering white blood cells
Aim of Fibroblastic repair phase
(sub-acute)
Aims to restore damaged tissues to their original condition through proliferation and regeneration leading to scar formation and repair
Aim of Remodelling phase (chronic)
Realignment of collagen fibres
Factors that impede healing
- Extent of injury
- Oedema
- Haemorrhage
- Poor vascular supply
- Tissue seperation
- Muscle spasm
- Atrophy
- Infection
Grade 1 injury
No tissue tearing or loss of function or strength just a low grade inflammatory response
Grade 2 injury
Tissue damage and strength of the muscle is reduced
Grade 3 injury
Complete tear of musculotendinous unit and complete loss of function
Grade 4 injury
Complete tear of the muscle and fascia of the muscle- tendon unit
4 pulses in the body
Radial - wrist
Tibial - ankle
Carotid - neck
Femoral - inner thigh
Primary injury
Result of direct force or trauma
Neurotmesis
This is severe nerve injury that disrupts the entire
nerve.
Usually results in a
permanent neurological
impairment
Sports promoting kyphosis
- Cycling
- Rowing
- Boxing
phagocytosis
A process of removing injured tissue and injury bi-products
Types of shock that may develop with acute spinal cord injury
Hypovolaemic
Neurogenic
AVPU
ALERT
VERBAL
PAIN
UNCONSCIOUS
Secondary injury
after primary injury function may or may not become limited
Examples of primary injury
- ACL Tear
- ATFL Tear
- Hamstring Tear
- Achilles tendon tear
Examples of secondary injury
- Anterior Knee Pain following Ankle Joint
Fracture - Low Back Pain developed since Hip Trauma
- Bicep Tendinopathy following Glenoid
Labrum Tear
Mechanism of injury (MOI)
- What happened, exactly
- When
- Where
- Pain
- Noise