Lower limb muscles

Question 1

Iliacus

Answer 1

Origin - Iliac fossa
Insertion - Lesser trochanter of femur
Function - Thigh/trunk flexion

Question 2

Psoas major

Answer 2

Origin - Vertebral bodies of T12-L4,
Insertion - Lesser trochanter of femur as iliopsoas tendon
Function - Flexion of the thigh/trunk

Question 3

Gluteus maximus

Answer 3

Origin - Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx,
Insertion - Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
Function - extension of the hipexternal rotation and abduction

Question 4

Gluteus medius

Answer 4

Origin - Gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion - Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Function - Thigh abduction and internal rotation

Question 5

Gluteus minimus

Answer 5

Origin - Gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
Function - hip abduction
Nerve supply - Superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

Tensor fascia latae

Answer 6

Origin - Outer lip of anterior iliac crest,
Insertion - Lateral condyle of tibia
Function - Thigh internal rotation

Question 7

Quadratus femoris

Answer 7

Origin - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Function - thigh external rotation
Nerve supply - Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 8

Priformis

Answer 8

Origin - Anterior surface of the sacrum
Insertion - Greater trochanter of the femur
Function - Thigh external rotation and abduction
Nerve supply - Nerve to piriformis

Question 9

Rectus femoris

Answer 9

Origin - Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
Function - Thigh flexion
Nerve supply - Femoral nerve

Question 10

Vastus Lateralis

Answer 10

Origin - Intertrochanteric line
Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
Function - Leg extension

Question 11

Vastus medialis

Answer 11

Origin - : Intertrochanteric line
Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
Function - Leg extension

Question 12

Vastus intermedius

Answer 12

Origin - Anterior surface of femoral shaft
Insertion - Tibial tuberosity
Function - Leg extension
Nerve supply -Femoral nerve

Question 13

Semitendinosus

Answer 13

Origin - Ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Proximal end of tibia
Function - Thigh extension and internal rotation
Nerve supply - Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 14

Semimembranosus

Answer 14

Origin - Superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity
Insertion - Medial condyle of tibia
Function - thigh extension and internal rotation
Nerve supply - Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 15

Biceps femoris

Answer 15

Origin - ischial tuberosity
Insertion - head of fibula
Function - thigh extension, thigh external rotation;
Nerve supply - tibial division of sciatic nerve

Question 16

Adductor magnus

Answer 16

Origin - Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Insertion - Gluteal tuberosity,
Function - Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation
Nerve supply - Obturator nerve

Question 17

Adductor longus

Answer 17

Origin - Body of pubis
Insertion - Middle third of linea aspera of femur
Function - Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh external rotation;
Nerve supply - Obturator nerve

Question 18

Adductor brevis

Answer 18

Origin - Anterior body of pubis
Insertion - Linea aspera of femur
Function - thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation
Nerve supply - Obturator nerve

Question 19

Tibialis anterior

Answer 19

Origin - Lateral surface of tibia
Insertion - Medial cuneiform bone
Function - foot dorsiflexion
Nerve supply - Deep fibular nerve

Question 20

Tibialis posterior

Answer 20

Origin - Posterior surface of tibia
Insertion - Tuberosity of navicular bone
Function - Foot plantarflexion

Question 21

Gastrocnemius

Answer 21

Origin - Upper posterolateral surface of lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion - Posterior surface of the calcaneus
Function - Foot plantar flexion

Question 22

Soleus

Answer 22

Origin - Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula
Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus
Function - Foot plantar flexion
Nerve supply -Tibial nerve

Question 23

Peroneal (Fibularis) longus

Answer 23

Origin - Head of fibula,
Insertion - Medial cuneiform bone,
Function - : Foot plantar flexion;
Nerve supply - Superficial fibular nerve

Question 24

Peroneal (Fibularis) brevis

Answer 24

Origin - Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula,
Insertion - Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
Function - Foot plantar flexion
Nerve supply - Superficial fibular nerve

Question 25

Peroneal (Fibularis) tertius

Answer 25

Origin - Medial surface of fibula, Insertion - Dorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5 Function - Foot dorsiflexion

Question 26

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 26

Origin - Posterior surface of tibia Insertion - Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Function - toe flexion Nerve supply - Tibial nerve

Question 27

Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 27

Origin - Posterior surface of fibula, Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of great toe Function - Toe flexion; Nerve supply - Tibial nerve

Question 28

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 28

Origin - medial surface of fibula, Insertion - Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Function - Toe extension; Nerve supply - Deep fibular nerve

Question 29

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 29

Origin - Middle third of medial surface of fibula Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of great toe Function - toe extension Nerve supply - Deep fibular nerve

Question 30

Lumbricals

Answer 30

Origin - Tendons of flexor digitorum longus Insertion - Medial bases of proximal phalanges and extensor expansion of digits 2-5 Function - Toe flexion Nerve supply - Medial and lateral plantar nerve