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Z N Anatomy > Upper Limb muscles 1.2 > Flashcards

Upper Limb muscles 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the biceps brachii?

A
  1. Short head: from apex of coracoid process of scapula

2. Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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2
Q

What is the insertion of biceps brachii?

A
  1. Both muscle bellies joint to form flattened tendon that is inserted into radial tubersority
  2. Opposite elbow tendon gives off a broad aponeurosis from its medial side
  3. This bicipital aponeurosis descends medially to fuse with the deep fascia of the forearm
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3
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

A
  • With the forearm partially flexed, the biceps brachii is a powerful supinator of the forearm
  • Also important flexor of the supinated forearm
  • Asssits other muscles weakly as flexor of arm at shoulder
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4
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaenous nerve (C5 and C6)

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5
Q

What is arterial supply for biceps brachii?

A
  • The biceps is a fusiform muscle with 2 heads

- Brachial artery

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6
Q

What is the test for C5 and C6?

A
  1. Tapping the biceps tendon elicits the biceps tendon reflex, testing spinal cord segments C5 and C6
  2. The biceps is tested clinically by having a patient flex the supinated forearm against resistance and watching for the distinct contraction of the biceps in the anterior arm
  3. This action also tests the integrity of the musculocutaneous nerve.
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7
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

arises fro apex of coracoid process of scapula along with the short head of the biceps brachii

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8
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Inserts into the middle of the medial surface and border of the humerus

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9
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialias muscle?

A

Flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Musculocutanous nerve (C6 and C7)

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11
Q

What is the blood supply for the coracobrachialis muscle?

A
  • Branchial artery
  • As the musculocutaneous nerve leaves the brachial plexus, it usually dives into the proximal portion of the coracobrachialis muscle
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12
Q

Why is the musculatenous nerve vulnerable?

A

Since the musculocutaneous nerve runs through the coracobrachialis muscle, it is vulnerable to nerve compression within the muscle, and this can lead to weakness of elbow flexion (loss of some brachialis and biceps function) and hypesthesia of the lateral forearm

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13
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis muscle?

A

Arises from distal half of the anterior humerus

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?

A

Inserts into the tuberosity and the anterior surface of the coronoid process of the ulna

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15
Q

What is the action of the brachilias?

A

Flexor of forearm at the elbow

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the brachilias?

A

musculatenous nerve (C5, C6) and radial nerve send minor branch to brachialis (C7)

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17
Q

What is the blood supply for the brachialis?

A
  • Brachial artery
  • Although the muscle can participate in quick flexion, its isometric contraction maintains the flexed position, especially when a weight is applied to the forearm
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18
Q

What is a compression injury?

A

Damage to the musculocutaneous nerve proximal to the brachialis (compression injury as it passes through the coracobrachialis muscle) can lead to weakness in the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles, thus affecting elbow flexion.

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19
Q

What is the origin of the triceps?

A
  1. Long head of triceps arises from infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  2. Lateral head arises from posterior surface of humerus
  3. Medial head arises from posterior surface of humerus inferior to the radial groove
  4. The anconeus arise from lateral epicondyle of the humerus
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20
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps and anconeus?

A
  1. All 3 heads insert by common tendon to posterior portion of proximal olecranon of the ulna
  2. A band of fibres continues distally on the lateral side over the anconeus to blend with the Depp fasciae of the forearm
    - The anconeus inserts into the lateral aspect of the olecranon and into the upper dorsal surface of the body of the ulna
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21
Q

What is the action of the triceps and anconeus?

A
  • The aconenus muscle and all 3 heads of triceps extend the forearm at the elbow
  • Anconeus also abducts the ulna during pronation
  • The long head of the triceps arising from the scapula also can extend the humerus (arm) at the shoulder joint
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22
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps and anconeus?

A

The triceps and anconeus supplied boy radial nerve (c7 and c8)

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23
Q

Where does triceps receive blood?

A

Deep brachial artery

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24
Q

What does the triceps reflex do?

A
  • Tapping the triceps tendon elicits the triceps reflex

- Test C7 and C9

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25
Q

What does msuculatenous nerve innervate?

A
  • Muscles of anterior (flexors) compartment

- Supplied by brachial artery and branches

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26
Q

What does radial nerve innervate?

A
  • Muscles of posterior (extensor) compartment

- Supplied largely by deep brachial (profound brachii) artery and its branches

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27
Q

Which nerves pass through the arm in a medial vascular bundles compartment?

A
  • The median and ulnar nerves pass through the arm in a medial neurovascular bundle compartment as they course to the forearm.
  • These 2 nerves do not innervate muscles of the arm.
28
Q

When is the radial nerve in jeprody?

A
  1. The radial nerve passes around the shaft of the humerus to gain access to the posterior compartment of the arm
  2. Fractures of the shaft of the humerus can place the radial nerve in jeopardy of being stretched or torn as it wraps around the humerus, affecting wrist and finger extensors.
29
Q

What is the origin of the pronator teres?

A
  1. Humeral head arises immediately above medial epicondyle from common flexor tendon, intermsucular septum and anterbrshcial fascia
  2. Ulnar head arises from medial side of coronoid process of ulna
30
Q

Where does the pronator quadratus raise form?

A

-Medial aspect of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna

31
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

-Inserts about midway along the lateral surface of the radius

32
Q

What is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?

A

-inserts into distal fourth of the lateral border and anterior surface of the shaft of the radius

33
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

rotes the radius on the ulna (pronation) and helps flex the forearm at the elbow

34
Q

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

A

pronates the hand and is assisted by the pronator teres when additionsl power is required

35
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus and pronator teres?

A

Innervated by median nerves pronator teres (C6 and C7), pronator quadrates (C8 and T1)

36
Q

What is a test for pronator teres?

A
  • One clinically tests the pronator teres by grasping the patient’s hand with the forearm extended and asking the patient to pronate against resistance (turn the hand downward) while watching the medial epicondyle of the humerus to see if the muscle contracts.
  • The pronator teres is well suited for quick, powerful pronation.
  • The pronator quadratus is the deepest muscle in the forearm, and its contraction is difficult to show
37
Q

What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

-Arises from medial epicondyle of humerus and anterbrachial forearm) fasciae

38
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

A

Inserts into base of 2nd metacarpal bone and sends a slip to the base of the 3rd metacarpal bone

39
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

flexes hand at the wrist join and Aids in first abduction

40
Q

What is the innervation of the fexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve C6 and C7

41
Q

What is a clinical test for the flexor carpi radialis?

A
  • One can clinically test the flexor carpi radialis by grasping the patient’s hand and having the patient flex the wrist against resistance.
  • As the patient does this, look for the tendon of the muscle to tighten in the wrist.
42
Q

How can you see the radial artery pulse?

A
  • The radial extensors help the flexor carpi radialis abduct the wrist.
  • Distally at the wrist, the radial artery pulse may be palpated just lateral to the tendon of this muscle. Simply rest your index and middle fingers on this tendon and press to feel the radial pulse.
43
Q

What is the origin of the paslmaris longus muscle?

A

From medial epicondyle of the humerus by the common flexor tendon and antebrachila (forearm fascia)

44
Q

What is the insertion of the palmaris longus muscle?

A

Inserts into anterior aspect of distal flexor retianculum and into the palmar aponeurosis

45
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus muscle?

A

Flexes the hand at the wrist and tightens the palmar aponeurosis

46
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris longus muscle?

A

median nerve (C6 and C7)

47
Q

How can you determine if patient has palmaris longus?

A
  • The palmaris longus is vestigial in humans and is absent in 10% to 15% of the population.
  • In other species, this muscle retracts the claws. In humans, it acts primarily at the wrist.
  • By having the patient make a tight fist, one can determine if the patient possesses the palmaris longus muscle, as its tendon will appear in the midwrist
  • The median nerve lies just lateral to the tendon of this muscle before entering the carpal tunnel
48
Q

What is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A
  1. Humeral head arises from medial epicondyle of humerus by the common flexor tendon
  2. Ulnar head arises from medial margin pf the olecranon and posterior border of the ulna
49
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A
  • Inserts into pisiform bone but an extension of its ligament attaches to the hook of hamate and base of the 5th metacarpal
  • Several of its fibres also attach to the flexor retinaculum
50
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

51
Q

What is the innervation of the carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7 and C8)

52
Q

When do the two head of the flexor carpi ulanris muscle join?

A
  • The 2 heads of this muscle join just below the medial epicondyle; the ulnar nerve runs between the heads as it courses toward the wrist.
  • The ulnar extensor helps the flexor carpi ulnaris adduct the hand at the wrist.
53
Q

What is cubital tunel syndrome?

A
  • As the ulnar nerve passes between the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris, the nerve can become compressed, leading to a cubital tunnel syndrome.
  • This syndrome is 2nd only to carpal tunnel syndrome among compression neuropathies.
  • Compression may be especially acute as the elbow is flexed because this narrows the space between the 2 muscle heads.
54
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

A
  • Arises by 2 heads and inserts by 4 tendons
    1. The humeroulnar head arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, the ulnar collateral ligament and the coronoid process of the ulna
    2. The radial head arises from the superior half of the anterior aspect of the radius
55
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorium superficialis muscle?

A

-Four tendons of insertion of the flexor digitorum superifcialis attach to the bodies of the middle phalanges of the medial 4 digits (index to little finger)

56
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorium superficialis muscle?

A
  • Acts primarily as a flexor of proximal interphalangeal joints
  • Also contributes to flexion pf all joints it crosses including elbow wrist and metcrpophalngeal joints
57
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorium superficialis muscle?

A

median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)

58
Q

What is the common synovial tendon sheath?

A
  • Opposite the bases of the 1st phalanges, each tendon divides to allow the corresponding tendon of the deep flexor (flexor digitorum profundus) to reach each finger.
    1. A common synovial tendon sheath, or bursa, wraps around both sets of tendons, facilitating the sliding of the tendons over one another
59
Q

How do you test the flexor digitorium superficialis muscle?

A
  • asking the patient to flex the index or middle finger while one holds it between the thumb and index finger in a flexed position at the proximal interphalangeal joint, thus providing resistance
  • As the patient tries to flex the joint and move the finger toward the palm, the muscle’s strength can be assessed.
60
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

A

-Arises from proximal three fourths of medial and anterior aspects of the ulna and from the interosseous membrane

61
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

A

-Four tendons of the flexor digitorum produndus attach to the bases of the distal phalanges of the medial 4 digitised (index finger to little finger)

62
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

A
  • Flexion of distal interphlangeal joints
  • Also produces some flexion at the proximal interphalangeal lints, metacarpophalangea; joints and wrist as tendons cross these joints
63
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

A

-Proximal to wrist flexor digitorium divides into 3, medial part innervated by ulnar (C8 and T1) and lateral by anterior interosseous brach of median nerve (C1 and T1)

64
Q

How are tendons different to those of superficialis?

A

The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, similar to those of the superficialis, cross the carpal canal and the palm of the hand. The 4 tendons pass through the slits of the superficialis tendons before attaching to the distal phalanges

65
Q

How do you test the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?

A

-The flexor digitorum profundus muscle is tested clinically by having the patient flex the distal interphalangeal joint against resistance as one places the thumb and index finger on the proximal interphalangeal joint of the tested finger to keep it in extension and then holds the tip of the finger to provide resistance to flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint.

Z N Anatomy (35 decks)

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