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Z N Anatomy > Upper limb 1.3 > Flashcards

Upper limb 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?

A

From anterior aspect of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?

A

Inserts on base of distal phalanx of the thumb

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3
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?

A
  • Flexion of distal phalanx of thumb

- Can also flex the proximal phalanx because its tendon crosses that joint

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?

A

Median nerve (anterior interosseous brunch). C8, C7, T1

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5
Q

What is the tendon of the unipennate belly of the flexor of pollicis longus muscle like?

A
  • The tendon of the unipennate belly of the flexor pollicis longus muscle crosses the carpal canal on the lateral or radial side of the digital flexor tendons and passes to the distal phalanx of the thumb.
  • The tendon has its own synovial sheath.
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6
Q

How do you test the flexor pollicis longus muscle?

A
  • asking the patient to flex the tip of the thumb against resistance while the examiner holds the proximal phalanx fixed between the thumb and fingers
  • This action not only tests the strength of muscle contraction but also tests the integrity of the median nerve, which innervates this muscle.
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7
Q

What is the origin of the supinator muscle?

A

Arises from lateral epicondyle of humerus, the radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint, the angular ligament of the proximal radioulnar joint, the supinator fossa and crest of the ulna

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8
Q

What is the insertion of the supinator muscle?

A

Inserts into lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of the proximal third of the radius

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9
Q

What is the action of the supinator muscle?

A
  • ROTATES THE RADIUS TO SUPINATE THE FOREARM AND HADN

- Supination occurs whether the forearm is flexed or extended

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the supinator muscle?

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve (C5 and C6)

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11
Q

What is the blood supply for the supinator muscle?

A

posterior interosseous artery

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12
Q

What are the different supinators?

A
  • Most powerful supinator of forearm is biceps brachii which acts when forearm flexed
  • Supinator can supinate a forearm that is flexed or extended
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13
Q

What is posterior compartment neuropathy?

A
  1. The deep branch of the radial nerve (the radial nerve’s motor component) can become compressed as it passes through the supinator, leading to a posterior compartment neuropathy, resulting in weakened extension of the wrist and fingers.
  2. The supinator is tested clinically by having the patient supinate the extended forearm against resistance
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14
Q

Where does the brachioradilias muscle arise from?

A

Proximal two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of the distal humerus and intermsucular septum

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15
Q

Where does the brachioradialis muscle insert?

A

On lateral aspect of the distal radius just proximal to the styloid process

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16
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

An accessory flexor of the forearm at the elbow

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradilias?

A

Radial nerve C5 and C6 before it divides into its superficial and deep beaches

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18
Q

Why is the brachioradilis unique?

A
  • Muscle of posterior compartment by a weak flexor of forearm at elbow and is most efficient as flexor when the forearm is in midpronation
  • Innervated by radial nerve not an extensor or supinator
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19
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A
  1. If one tests forearm flexion against resistance in the midpronated position, the brachioradialis is easily seen as a muscle bulge over the lateral epicondyle of the elbow. 2. Pain over the lateral epicondyle is often referred to as “tennis elbow,” but this muscle pain, usually from overexertion, can be caused by a number of actions, including playing tennis or golf or lifting heavy objects (e.g., a suitcase) by a handle.
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20
Q

Where does the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle arise from?

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

21
Q

Where does the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle attach to?

A

attaches to base of 2nd metacarpal

22
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Extends and abducts the hand at the wrist joint

23
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve (C6 and C7)

24
Q

what is needed for a power grip?

A
  • The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle arises just distal to the brachioradialis muscle. -Its belly ends in the proximal third of the forearm.
  • Its flat tendon continues distally along the lateral border of the radius beneath the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles.
  • This muscle also acts synergistically during flexion of the fingers by extending the hand at the wrist to give additional strength when the hand grasps an object. This action is essential for a power grip.
25
Q

How do you test the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle?

A
  • the patient extend and abduct the hand at the wrist against resistance
  • this requires that the examiner hold the patient’s fist and apply resistance to the lateral aspect of the wrist while the patient tries to bend the fist laterally (abduct or move it toward the thumb side of the wrist) and extend the wrist simultaneously.
26
Q

Where does the Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle arise from?

A

From lateral epicondyle of the humerus

27
Q

Where does the Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle insert?

A

On the base of the 3rd metacarpal bone

28
Q

What is the action of the Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?

A

Extend and abducts the hand at the wrist joint

29
Q

What is the innervation of Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?

A

Radial nerve (deep branch) (C7 and C8)

30
Q

What is the difference between Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle and longus?

A
  • Shorter and thicker that longus which partially covers it
  • Sometimes both muscles form one bellow that gives rise to two tendons, important for power grip which requires wrist extension
31
Q

How do you test Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle?

A

-The extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle acts with the extensor carpi radialis longus and is tested clinically along with that muscle. -The patient is asked to extend and abduct the hand at the wrist against resistance. This action not only tests these 2 muscles but also tests the integrity of the radial nerve (its deep branch).

32
Q

where does the extensor digitorum muscle arise from?

A

-Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

33
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum muscle insert?

A

-Insert as extensor expansions of the medial 4 digits (index finger to little finger)

34
Q

What is the action of the extensors digitorum muscle?

A

Performs extension the metacarpophalangeal and interphanalgeal joints and also participates in wrist extension when fingers are extended

35
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum muscle?

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8)

36
Q

What are the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle?

A
  • The tendons of the extensor digitorum pass through the extensor retinaculum and to the extensor expansions of the medial 4 digits.
  • Occasionally, this muscle has only 3 tendons instead of 4.
  • Often, the extensor digiti minimi is attached to the extensor digitorum.
37
Q

How is the extensor digirotum muscle tested clinically?

A
  • having the patient extend the fingers against resistance.
  • This is best done as one supports the patient’s pronated hand with one hand and provides resistance to the fingers across the metacarpophalangeal joints with the other hand.
  • The contracting muscle belly will bulge out along the lateral forearm (little finger side in the pronated position).
38
Q

Where does the extensor digiti minimi muscle arise from?

A

arises from lateral epicondyle of the humerus

39
Q

What does the extensor digiti minimi muscle insert to?

A

inserts as an extensor expansion of the 5th digit

40
Q

What is the action of the Extensor digiti minimi muscle?

A
  • extends the 5th digit at the metacapophalangeal and interpahalnegal joints
  • also participates in wrist extension when fingers are extended
41
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor digiti minimi muscle?

A
  • The slender extensor digiti minimi muscle is often connected to the larger extensor digitorum
  • Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8)
42
Q

Why is the Extensor digiti minimi muscle hardly tested?

A

The small extensor digiti minimi muscle acts with many of the other finger and wrist extensors and usually will not be tested clinically as an individual muscle, because its isolated action is difficult to ascertain

43
Q

What is the origin of Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A
  • 2 heads
    1. arises from lateral epicondyle of the humerus
    2. arises from posterior border of the ulna
44
Q

Where does the Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle attach?

A

Attaches to medial side of the base of the 5th metacarpal

45
Q

What is the innervation of the Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseous brach) (C7 and C8)

46
Q

What is the action of Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle?

A

Extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint

47
Q

How is the extensor carpi ulnaris used in the power grip?

A
  • Similar to the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles, the extensor carpi ulnaris acts as a synergist to the finger flexors because it keeps the wrist extended to give additional strength when the hand grasps an object.
  • This action is essential for a power grip.
48
Q

How is the extensor carpi ulnaris tested?

A
  1. the patient extend and adduct the wrist against resistance.
  2. The examiner can hold the patient’s pronated fist and provide resistance against wrist extension and adduction (movement toward the little finger side of the wrist).
  3. The bulging contracted muscle belly will be evident along the medial forearm and its tendon at the wrist.

Z N Anatomy (35 decks)

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